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lix/doc/manual/src/command-ref/files/user-profiles.md
Valentin Gagarin bb8e3b5d86 update description on how profiles work 
adapt to the example listing
2023-04-26 15:39:35 +02:00

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User profiles

A directory that contains links to user profiles managed by nix-env and nix profile:

  • $XDG_STATE_HOME/nix/profiles for regular users
  • $NIX_STATE_DIR/profiles/per-user/root if the user is root

A profile is a directory of symlinks to files in the Nix store.

Profile compatibility

Warning

nix profile is experimental. Once you have used nix profile you can no longer use nix-env without first deleting $XDG_STATE_HOME/nix/profiles/profile

Once you installed a package with nix profile, you get the following error message when using nix-env:

$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -iA 'hello'
error: --- Error ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nix-env
profile '/home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile' is incompatible with 'nix-env'; please use 'nix profile' instead

To migrate back to nix-env you can delete your current profile:

Warning

This will delete packages that have been installed before, so you may want to back up this information before running the command.

 $ rm -rf "${XDG_STATE_HOME-$HOME/.local/state}/nix/profiles/profile"

Filesystem layout

Profiles are versioned as follows. When using a profile named path, path is a symlink to path-N-link, where N is the version of the profile. In turn, path-N-link is a symlink to a path in the Nix store. For example:

$ ls -l ~alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 14 Nov 25 14:35 /home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile -> profile-7-link
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 51 Oct 28 16:18 /home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-5-link -> /nix/store/q69xad13ghpf7ir87h0b2gd28lafjj1j-profile
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 51 Oct 29 13:20 /home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-6-link -> /nix/store/6bvhpysd7vwz7k3b0pndn7ifi5xr32dg-profile
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 51 Nov 25 14:35 /home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link -> /nix/store/mp0x6xnsg0b8qhswy6riqvimai4gm677-profile

Each of these symlinks is a root for the Nix garbage collector.

The contents of the store path corresponding to each version of the profile is a tree of symlinks to the files of the installed packages, e.g.

$ ll -R ~eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/
/home/eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/:
total 20
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  1  1970 bin
-r--r--r-- 2 root root 1402 Jan  1  1970 manifest.json
dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan  1  1970 share

/home/eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/bin:
total 20
lrwxrwxrwx 5 root root 79 Jan  1  1970 chromium -> /nix/store/ijm5k0zqisvkdwjkc77mb9qzb35xfi4m-chromium-86.0.4240.111/bin/chromium
lrwxrwxrwx 7 root root 87 Jan  1  1970 spotify -> /nix/store/w9182874m1bl56smps3m5zjj36jhp3rn-spotify-1.1.26.501.gbe11e53b-15/bin/spotify
lrwxrwxrwx 3 root root 79 Jan  1  1970 zoom-us -> /nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927/bin/zoom-us

/home/eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/share/applications:
total 12
lrwxrwxrwx 4 root root 120 Jan  1  1970 chromium-browser.desktop -> /nix/store/4cf803y4vzfm3gyk3vzhzb2327v0kl8a-chromium-unwrapped-86.0.4240.111/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop
lrwxrwxrwx 7 root root 110 Jan  1  1970 spotify.desktop -> /nix/store/w9182874m1bl56smps3m5zjj36jhp3rn-spotify-1.1.26.501.gbe11e53b-15/share/applications/spotify.desktop
lrwxrwxrwx 3 root root 107 Jan  1  1970 us.zoom.Zoom.desktop -> /nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927/share/applications/us.zoom.Zoom.desktop

…

Manifest

The manifest file records the provenance of the packages that are installed in this version of the profile. It is different between nix-env and nix profile.

manifest.nix

Used by nix-env. Here is an example of how this file might look like after installing hello from Nixpkgs:

[{
  meta = {
    available = true;
    broken = false;
    changelog =
      "https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hello.git/plain/NEWS?h=v2.12.1";
    description = "A program that produces a familiar, friendly greeting";
    homepage = "https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/manual/";
    insecure = false;
    license = {
      deprecated = false;
      free = true;
      fullName = "GNU General Public License v3.0 or later";
      redistributable = true;
      shortName = "gpl3Plus";
      spdxId = "GPL-3.0-or-later";
      url = "https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-3.0-or-later.html";
    };
    longDescription = ''
      GNU Hello is a program that prints "Hello, world!" when you run it.
      It is fully customizable.
    '';
    maintainers = [{
      email = "edolstra+nixpkgs@gmail.com";
      github = "edolstra";
      githubId = 1148549;
      name = "Eelco Dolstra";
    }];
    name = "hello-2.12.1";
    outputsToInstall = [ "out" ];
    platforms = [
      "i686-cygwin"
      "x86_64-cygwin"
      "x86_64-darwin"
      "i686-darwin"
      "aarch64-darwin"
      "armv7a-darwin"
      "i686-freebsd13"
      "x86_64-freebsd13"
      "aarch64-genode"
      "i686-genode"
      "x86_64-genode"
      "x86_64-solaris"
      "js-ghcjs"
      "aarch64-linux"
      "armv5tel-linux"
      "armv6l-linux"
      "armv7a-linux"
      "armv7l-linux"
      "i686-linux"
      "m68k-linux"
      "microblaze-linux"
      "microblazeel-linux"
      "mipsel-linux"
      "mips64el-linux"
      "powerpc64-linux"
      "powerpc64le-linux"
      "riscv32-linux"
      "riscv64-linux"
      "s390-linux"
      "s390x-linux"
      "x86_64-linux"
      "mmix-mmixware"
      "aarch64-netbsd"
      "armv6l-netbsd"
      "armv7a-netbsd"
      "armv7l-netbsd"
      "i686-netbsd"
      "m68k-netbsd"
      "mipsel-netbsd"
      "powerpc-netbsd"
      "riscv32-netbsd"
      "riscv64-netbsd"
      "x86_64-netbsd"
      "aarch64_be-none"
      "aarch64-none"
      "arm-none"
      "armv6l-none"
      "avr-none"
      "i686-none"
      "microblaze-none"
      "microblazeel-none"
      "msp430-none"
      "or1k-none"
      "m68k-none"
      "powerpc-none"
      "powerpcle-none"
      "riscv32-none"
      "riscv64-none"
      "rx-none"
      "s390-none"
      "s390x-none"
      "vc4-none"
      "x86_64-none"
      "i686-openbsd"
      "x86_64-openbsd"
      "x86_64-redox"
      "wasm64-wasi"
      "wasm32-wasi"
      "x86_64-windows"
      "i686-windows"
    ];
    position =
      "/nix/store/7niq32w715567hbph0q13m5lqna64c1s-nixos-unstable.tar.gz/nixos-unstable.tar.gz/pkgs/applications/misc/hello/default.nix:34";
    unfree = false;
    unsupported = false;
  };
  name = "hello-2.12.1";
  out = {
    outPath = "/nix/store/260q5867crm1xjs4khgqpl6vr9kywql1-hello-2.12.1";
  };
  outPath = "/nix/store/260q5867crm1xjs4khgqpl6vr9kywql1-hello-2.12.1";
  outputs = [ "out" ];
  system = "x86_64-linux";
  type = "derivation";
}]

Each element in this list corresponds to an installed package. It incorporates some attributes of the original package derivation, including meta, name, out, outPath, outputs, system. This information is used by Nix for querying and updating the package.

manifest.json

Used by nix profile. Here is an example of what the file might look like after installing zoom-us from Nixpkgs:

{
  "version": 1,
  "elements": [
    {
      "active": true,
      "attrPath": "legacyPackages.x86_64-linux.zoom-us",
      "originalUrl": "flake:nixpkgs",
      "storePaths": [
        "/nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927"
      ],
      "uri": "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/13d0c311e3ae923a00f734b43fd1d35b47d8943a"
    },
    …
  ]
}

Each object in the array elements denotes an installed package and has the following fields:

  • originalUrl: The flake reference specified by the user at the time of installation (e.g. nixpkgs). This is also the flake reference that will be used by nix profile upgrade.

  • uri: The locked flake reference to which originalUrl resolved.

  • attrPath: The flake output attribute that provided this package. Note that this is not necessarily the attribute that the user specified, but the one resulting from applying the default attribute paths and prefixes; for instance, hello might resolve to packages.x86_64-linux.hello and the empty string to packages.x86_64-linux.default.

  • storePath: The paths in the Nix store containing the package.

  • active: Whether the profile contains symlinks to the files of this package. If set to false, the package is kept in the Nix store, but is not "visible" in the profile's symlink tree.

User profile link

A symbolic link to the user's current profile:

By default, this symlink points to:

  • $XDG_STATE_HOME/nix/profiles/profile for regular users
  • $NIX_STATE_DIR/profiles/per-user/root/profile for root

The PATH environment variable should include /bin subdirectory of the profile link (e.g. ~/.nix-profile/bin) for the user environment to be visible to the user. The installer sets this up by default, unless you enable use-xdg-base-directories.