lix-installer/CONTRIBUTING.md

# Contributing to `nix-installer`

We're excited to see what you'd like to contribute to `nix-installer`!

Regardless of what (or how much) you contribute to `nix-installer`, we value your time
and energy trying to improve the tool.

In order to ensure we all have a good experience, please review this document
if you have any questions about the process.

**Regular Rust committer?** Contributing to `nix-installer` should feel similar to
contributing to other serious Rust ecosystem projects. You may already know
the process and expectations of you, this document shouldn't contain any
surprises.


# What kinds of contributions are needed?

`nix-installer` can benefit from all kinds of contributions:

* Bug reports
* Code improvements
* Registry additions
* Dependency updates or dependency feature trimming
* New features (Please create an issue first!)
* Documentation
* Graphical/visual asset improvement
* Kind words or recommendation on your own site, repo, stream, or social media
  account
* Onboarding others to using `nix-installer`


# What are the expectations you can have of the maintainers?

You can expect us to:

* Follow the [Contributor Covenant](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md), just like you
* Help diagnose bug reports (for supported platforms using supported
  languages)
* Give constructive feedback on pull requests
* Merge pull requests which:
    + Have been approved of by at least 1 maintainer
    + Pass all tests
    + Have no complex conflicts with in-flight high priority work

The maintainers of this project use a separate issue tracker for some internal
tasks. Unfortunately, the contents of this tracker is not publicly visible as
it may contain sensitive or confidential data. Our maintainers will endeavor to
ensure you are not 'left out' of the discussion about your contributions.


# What kind of expectations do the maintainers have from you?

We expect you to:

* Follow the [Contributor Covenant](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md), just like them
* Make an earnest attempt to follow the contribution process described in this
  document
* Update bug reports with a solution, if you find one before we do
* Do your best to follow existing conventions
* Reflect maintainer feedback if you are able
* Declare if you need to abandon a PR so someone else can shepherd it


# How exactly does the contribution process work?

Here are how to do various kinds of contributions.


## Bug Reports

Create an issue on [the issue page](https://git.lix.systems/lix-project/lix-installer/issues).

It should contain:

1. Your OS (Linux, Mac) and architecture (x86_64, aarch64)
2. Your `nix-installer` version (`/nix/nix-installer --version`)
3. The thing you tried to run (eg `nix-installer`)
4. What happened (the output of the command, please)
5. What you expected to happen
6. If you tried to fix it, what did you try?


## Code/Documentation improvement

For **minor** fixes, documentation, or changes which **do not** have a
tangible impact on user experience, feel free to open a
[pull request](https://git.lix.systems/lix-project/lix-installer/pulls) directly.

If the code improvement is not minor, such as new features or user facing
changes, an [issue](https://git.lix.systems/lix-project/lix-installer/issues)
proposing the change is **required** for non-maintainers.

Please:

* Write civil commit messages, it's ok if they are simple like `fmt`
  or `formatting`
* Follow existing conventions and style within the code the best you can
* Describe in your PR the problem and solution so reviewers don't need to
  rebuild much context
* Run `nix flake check` and `nix build`


## Non-code contributions

Please open an [issue](https://git.lix.systems/lix-project/lix-installer/issues)
to chat about your contribution and figure out how to best integrate it into
the project.

# Development

Some snippets or workflows for development.


## Direnv support

While `nix develop` should work perfectly fine for development, contributors may prefer to enable [`direnv`](https://direnv.net/) or [`nix-direnv`](https://github.com/nix-community/nix-direnv) support.

From the project folder:

```bash
direnv allow
```

If using an editor, it may be preferable to adopt an addon to enter the environment:

* [`vim`](https://github.com/direnv/direnv.vim)
* [VSCode](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mkhl.direnv)


## Testing Installs

If you're hacking on `nix-installer`, you likely already have Nix and cannot test locally.

> That's probably a good thing! You should test in a sandbox.

Automated [`qemu` tests][#qemu-vm-tests] exist and should be preferred for oneshot testing of changes.

For interactive testing, tools like [`libvirt`](https://libvirt.org/) via [`virt-manager`](https://virt-manager.org/) or [`vagrant`](https://www.vagrantup.com/) can be used to spin up machines and run experiments.

When running such interactive tests, consider creating a snapshot of the VM right before running the installer, so you can quickly roll back if something happens.

In general, it's a good idea to test on the closest you can get to the desired target environment. For example, when testing the Steam Deck planner it's a good idea to run that test in a Steam Deck VM as described in detail in the planner.


<details>
  <summary><strong>Adding a planner for specific hardware?</strong></summary>

Please include an full guide on how to create the best known virtual testing environment for that device. 

**A link is not sufficient, it may break.** Please provide a full summary of steps to take, link to any original source and give them credit if it is appropriate.

It's perfectly fine if they are manual or labor intensive, as these should be a one time thing and get snapshotted prior to running tests.

</details>

## `qemu` VM tests

For x86_64 Linux we have some additional QEMU based tests. In `nix/tests/vm-test` there exists some Nix derivations which we expose in the flake via `hydraJobs`.

These should be visible in `nix flake show`:

```
❯ nix flake show
warning: Git tree '/home/ana/git/detsys/nix-installer' is dirty
git+file:///home/ana/git/detsys/nix-installer
# ...
├───hydraJobs
│   └───vm-test
│       ├───all
│       │   └───x86_64-linux
│       │       └───install-default: derivation 'all'
│       ├───fedora-v36
│       │   └───x86_64-linux
│       │       └───install-default: derivation 'installer-test-fedora-v36-install-default'
│       ├───rhel-v7
│       │   └───x86_64-linux
│       │       └───install-default: derivation 'installer-test-rhel-v7-install-default'
│       ├───rhel-v8
│       │   └───x86_64-linux
│       │       └───install-default: derivation 'installer-test-rhel-v8-install-default'
│       ├───rhel-v9
│       │   └───x86_64-linux
│       │       └───install-default: derivation 'installer-test-rhel-v9-install-default'
│       └───ubuntu-v22_04
│           └───x86_64-linux
│               └───install-default: derivation 'installer-test-ubuntu-v22_04-install-default'
```

To run all of the currently supported tests:

```bash
nix build .#hydraJobs.vm-test.all.x86_64-linux.all -L
```

To run a specific distribution listed in the `nix flake show` output:

```bash
nix build .#hydraJobs.vm-test.rhel-v7.x86_64-linux.all -L -j 4
```

> You may wish to set `-j 4` to some other number. Some OS's (Ubuntu 16.04) exhibit problems rapidly updating their users/groups on a system running dozens of VMs.

<details>
  <summary><strong>Adding a distro?</strong></summary>

Notice how `rhel-v7` has a `v7`, not just `7`? That's so the test output shows correctly, as Nix will interpret the first `-\d` (eg `-7`, `-123213`) as a version, and not show it in the output. 

Using `v7` instead turns:

```
# ...
installer-test-rhel> Unpacking Vagrant box /nix/store/8maga4w267f77agb93inbg54whh5lxhn-libvirt.box...
installer-test-rhel> Vagrantfile
installer-test-rhel> box.img
installer-test-rhel> info.json
installer-test-rhel> metadata.json
installer-test-rhel> Formatting './disk.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=137438953472 backing_file=./box.img backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
# ...
```

Into this:

```
# ...
installer-test-rhel-v7-install-default> Unpacking Vagrant box /nix/store/8maga4w267f77agb93inbg54whh5lxhn-libvirt.box...
installer-test-rhel-v7-install-default> Vagrantfile
installer-test-rhel-v7-install-default> box.img
installer-test-rhel-v7-install-default> info.json
installer-test-rhel-v7-install-default> metadata.json
installer-test-rhel-v7-install-default> Formatting './disk.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=137438953472 backing_file=./box.img backing_fmt=qcow2 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
# ...
```

</details>

## Container tests


For x86_64 Linux we have some additional container tests. In `nix/tests/container-test` there exists some Nix derivations which we expose in the flake via `hydraJobs`.

These should be visible in `nix flake show`:

```
❯ nix flake show
warning: Git tree '/home/ana/git/detsys/nix-installer' is dirty
git+file:///home/ana/git/detsys/nix-installer
# ...
├───hydraJobs
│   ├───container-test
│   │   ├───all
│   │   │   └───x86_64-linux
│   │   │       ├───all: derivation 'all'
│   │   │       ├───docker: derivation 'all'
│   │   │       └───podman: derivation 'all'
│   │   ├───ubuntu-v18_04
│   │   │   └───x86_64-linux
│   │   │       ├───all: derivation 'all'
│   │   │       ├───docker: derivation 'vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v18_04'
│   │   │       └───podman: derivation 'vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v18_04'
│   │   ├───ubuntu-v20_04
│   │   │   └───x86_64-linux
│   │   │       ├───all: derivation 'all'
│   │   │       ├───docker: derivation 'vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v20_04'
│   │   │       └───podman: derivation 'vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v20_04'
│   │   └───ubuntu-v22_04
│   │       └───x86_64-linux
│   │           ├───all: derivation 'all'
│   │           ├───docker: derivation 'vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v22_04'
│   │           └───podman: derivation 'vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v22_04'
```

To run all of the currently supported tests:


```bash
nix build .#hydraJobs.container-test.all.x86_64-linux.all -L -j 4
```

> You may wish to set `-j 4` to some other number. Some OS's (Ubuntu 16.04) exhibit problems rapidly updating their users/groups on a system running dozens of VMs.

To run a specific distribution listed in the `nix flake show` output:

```bash
nix build .#hydraJobs.container-test.ubuntu-v22_04.x86_64-linux.docker -L
```

<details>
  <summary><strong>Adding a distro?</strong></summary>

Notice how `ubuntu-v20_02` has a `v20`, not just `20`? That's so the test output shows correctly, as Nix will interpret the first `-\d` (eg `-20`, `-123213`) as a version, and not show it in the output. 

Using `v20` instead turns:

```
# ...
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu> machine # [   23.385182] dhcpcd[670]: vethae56f366: deleting address fe80::c036:c8ff:fe04:5832
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu> machine # this derivation will be built:
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu> machine #   /nix/store/9qb0l9n1gsmcyynfmndnq3qpmlvq8rln-foo.drv
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu> machine # [   23.424605] dhcpcd[670]: vethae56f366: removing interface
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu> machine # building '/nix/store/9qb0l9n1gsmcyynfmndnq3qpmlvq8rln-foo.drv'...
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu> machine # [   23.371066] systemd[1]: crun-buildah-buildah1810857047.scope: Deactivated successfully.
# ...
```

Into this:

```
# ...
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v18_04> machine # [   23.385182] dhcpcd[670]: vethae56f366: deleting address fe80::c036:c8ff:fe04:5832
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v20_04> machine # this derivation will be built:
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v20_04> machine #   /nix/store/9qb0l9n1gsmcyynfmndnq3qpmlvq8rln-foo.drv
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v18_04> machine # [   23.424605] dhcpcd[670]: vethae56f366: removing interface
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v20_04> machine # building '/nix/store/9qb0l9n1gsmcyynfmndnq3qpmlvq8rln-foo.drv'...
vm-test-run-container-test-ubuntu-v20_04> machine # [   23.371066] systemd[1]: crun-buildah-buildah1810857047.scope: Deactivated successfully.
# ...
```

</details>

## WSL tests

On a Windows Machine with WSL2 enabled (and updated to [support systemd](https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-wsl-enable-systemd)) you can test using WSL the scripts in `tests/windows`:

```powershell
.\tests\windows\test-wsl.ps1
.\tests\windows\test-wsl.ps1 -Systemd
```

If something breaks you may need to unregister the test WSL instance. First, look for the distro prefixed with `nix-installer-test`:

```powershell
$ wsl --list
Windows Subsystem for Linux Distributions:
Ubuntu (Default)
nix-installer-test-ubuntu-jammy
```

Then delete it:

```powershell
wsl --unregister nix-installer-test-ubuntu-jammy
```

You can also remove your `$HOME/nix-installer-wsl-tests-temp` folder whenever you wish.


# Releases


This package uses [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/). When determining the version number for a new release refer to Semantic Versioning for guidance. You can use the `check-semver` command alias from within the development environment to validate your changes don't break semver.

To cut a release:

* Ensure the `flake.lock`, `Cargo.lock`, and Rust dependencies are up-to-date with the following:
  + `nix flake update --commit-lock-file`
  + `cargo outdated --ignore-external-rel --aggressive`
  + `cargo update --aggressive`
  + Make a PR for for this and let it get merged separately
* Create a release branch from `main` (`git checkout -b release-v0.0.1`)
* Remove the `-unreleased` from the `version` field in `Cargo.toml`, `flake.nix`, and the fixture JSON files
  + Release PRs should not contain any tangible code changes which require review
* Ensure the VM / container tests still pass with the following:
  + `nix flake check -L`
  + `nix build .#hydraJobs.container-test.all.x86_64-linux.all -L -j 6`
  + `nix build .#hydraJobs.vm-test.all.x86_64-linux.all -L -j 6`
* Push the branch, create a PR ("Release v0.0.1")
* Once the PR tests pass and it has been reviewed, merge it
* `git pull` on the `main` branch
* Tag the release (`git tag v0.0.1`)
* Push the tag (`git push origin v0.0.1`)
* The CI should produce artifacts via Buildkite and create a "Draft" release containing them on GitHub
  + This will take a bit, use this time to draft a changelog
* Review the draft release, test the artifacts in a VM
* Create a changelog following the format of last release
* Undraft the release
* Once you are certain the release is good, `cargo publish` it
  + **Warning:** While you can re-release Github releases, it is not possible to do the same on `crates.io`
* Create a PR bumping the version up one minor in the `Cargo.toml`, `flake.nix`, and fixture JSON files, adding `-unreleased` at the end (`v0.0.2-unreleased`)

# Who maintains `lix-installer` and why?

`lix-installer` is maintained by [the Lix community](https://lix.systems/) as part of the Lix Project.