diff --git a/src/nix/profile-list.md b/src/nix/profile-list.md
index facfdf0d6..9811b9ec9 100644
--- a/src/nix/profile-list.md
+++ b/src/nix/profile-list.md
@@ -7,14 +7,12 @@ R""(
   ```console
   # nix profile list
   Name:               gdb
-  Index:              0
   Flake attribute:    legacyPackages.x86_64-linux.gdb
   Original flake URL: flake:nixpkgs
   Locked flake URL:   github:NixOS/nixpkgs/7b38b03d76ab71bdc8dc325e3f6338d984cc35ca
   Store paths:        /nix/store/indzcw5wvlhx6vwk7k4iq29q15chvr3d-gdb-11.1
 
   Name:               blender-bin
-  Index:              1
   Flake attribute:    packages.x86_64-linux.default
   Original flake URL: flake:blender-bin
   Locked flake URL:   github:edolstra/nix-warez/91f2ffee657bf834e4475865ae336e2379282d34?dir=blender
diff --git a/src/nix/profile-remove.md b/src/nix/profile-remove.md
index c994b79bd..1f6532250 100644
--- a/src/nix/profile-remove.md
+++ b/src/nix/profile-remove.md
@@ -8,13 +8,6 @@ R""(
   # nix profile remove hello
   ```
 
-* Remove a package by index
-  *(deprecated, will be removed in a future version)*:
-
-  ```console
-  # nix profile remove 3
-  ```
-
 * Remove all packages:
 
   ```console
diff --git a/src/nix/profile-upgrade.md b/src/nix/profile-upgrade.md
index 47103edfc..432b8fa94 100644
--- a/src/nix/profile-upgrade.md
+++ b/src/nix/profile-upgrade.md
@@ -15,13 +15,6 @@ R""(
   # nix profile upgrade hello
   ```
 
-* Upgrade a specific package by index
-  *(deprecated, will be removed in a future version)*:
-
-  ```console
-  # nix profile upgrade 0
-  ```
-
 # Description
 
 This command upgrades a previously installed package in a Nix profile,
diff --git a/src/nix/profile.cc b/src/nix/profile.cc
index 1d89815e2..517693cd4 100644
--- a/src/nix/profile.cc
+++ b/src/nix/profile.cc
@@ -470,40 +470,28 @@ public:
         std::string pattern;
         std::regex  reg;
     };
-    typedef std::variant<size_t, Path, RegexPattern> Matcher;
+    typedef std::variant<Path, RegexPattern> Matcher;
 
     std::vector<Matcher> getMatchers(ref<Store> store)
     {
         std::vector<Matcher> res;
 
-        auto anyIndexMatchers = false;
-
         for (auto & s : _matchers) {
-            if (auto n = string2Int<size_t>(s)) {
-                res.push_back(*n);
-                anyIndexMatchers = true;
-            }
+            if (auto n = string2Int<size_t>(s))
+                throw Error("'nix profile' no longer supports indices ('%d')", *n);
             else if (store->isStorePath(s))
                 res.push_back(s);
             else
                 res.push_back(RegexPattern{s,std::regex(s, std::regex::extended | std::regex::icase)});
         }
 
-        if (anyIndexMatchers) {
-            warn("Indices are deprecated and will be removed in a future version!\n"
-                 "         Refer to packages by their `Name` as printed by `nix profile list`.\n"
-                 "         See https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/9171 for more information.");
-        }
-
         return res;
     }
 
-    bool matches(const Store & store, const ProfileElement & element, size_t pos, const std::vector<Matcher> & matchers)
+    bool matches(const Store & store, const ProfileElement & element, const std::vector<Matcher> & matchers)
     {
         for (auto & matcher : matchers) {
-            if (auto n = std::get_if<size_t>(&matcher)) {
-                if (*n == pos) return true;
-            } else if (auto path = std::get_if<Path>(&matcher)) {
+            if (auto path = std::get_if<Path>(&matcher)) {
                 if (element.storePaths.count(store.parseStorePath(*path))) return true;
             } else if (auto regex = std::get_if<RegexPattern>(&matcher)) {
                 if (std::regex_match(element.name, regex->reg))
@@ -539,7 +527,7 @@ struct CmdProfileRemove : virtual EvalCommand, MixDefaultProfile, MixProfileElem
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < oldManifest.elements.size(); ++i) {
             auto & element(oldManifest.elements[i]);
-            if (!matches(*store, element, i, matchers)) {
+            if (!matches(*store, element, matchers)) {
                 newManifest.elements.push_back(std::move(element));
             } else {
                 notice("removing '%s'", element.identifier());
@@ -553,11 +541,9 @@ struct CmdProfileRemove : virtual EvalCommand, MixDefaultProfile, MixProfileElem
 
         if (removedCount == 0) {
             for (auto matcher: matchers) {
-                if (const size_t * index = std::get_if<size_t>(&matcher)){
-                    warn("'%d' is not a valid index", *index);
-                } else if (const Path * path = std::get_if<Path>(&matcher)){
+                if (const Path * path = std::get_if<Path>(&matcher)) {
                     warn("'%s' does not match any paths", *path);
-                } else if (const RegexPattern * regex = std::get_if<RegexPattern>(&matcher)){
+                } else if (const RegexPattern * regex = std::get_if<RegexPattern>(&matcher)) {
                     warn("'%s' does not match any packages", regex->pattern);
                 }
             }
@@ -595,7 +581,7 @@ struct CmdProfileUpgrade : virtual SourceExprCommand, MixDefaultProfile, MixProf
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < manifest.elements.size(); ++i) {
             auto & element(manifest.elements[i]);
-            if (!matches(*store, element, i, matchers)) {
+            if (!matches(*store, element, matchers)) {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -657,11 +643,9 @@ struct CmdProfileUpgrade : virtual SourceExprCommand, MixDefaultProfile, MixProf
         if (upgradedCount == 0) {
             if (matchedCount == 0) {
                 for (auto & matcher : matchers) {
-                    if (const size_t * index = std::get_if<size_t>(&matcher)){
-                        warn("'%d' is not a valid index", *index);
-                    } else if (const Path * path = std::get_if<Path>(&matcher)){
+                    if (const Path * path = std::get_if<Path>(&matcher)) {
                         warn("'%s' does not match any paths", *path);
-                    } else if (const RegexPattern * regex = std::get_if<RegexPattern>(&matcher)){
+                    } else if (const RegexPattern * regex = std::get_if<RegexPattern>(&matcher)) {
                         warn("'%s' does not match any packages", regex->pattern);
                     }
                 }
@@ -715,7 +699,6 @@ struct CmdProfileList : virtual EvalCommand, virtual StoreCommand, MixDefaultPro
                 logger->cout("Name:               " ANSI_BOLD "%s" ANSI_NORMAL "%s",
                     element.name,
                     element.active ? "" : " " ANSI_RED "(inactive)" ANSI_NORMAL);
-                logger->cout("Index:              %s", i);
                 if (element.source) {
                     logger->cout("Flake attribute:    %s%s", element.source->attrPath, element.source->outputs.to_string());
                     logger->cout("Original flake URL: %s", element.source->originalRef.to_string());
diff --git a/tests/functional/nix-profile.sh b/tests/functional/nix-profile.sh
index eced4d3f1..618b6241d 100644
--- a/tests/functional/nix-profile.sh
+++ b/tests/functional/nix-profile.sh
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ cp ./config.nix $flake1Dir/
 nix-env -f ./user-envs.nix -i foo-1.0
 nix profile list | grep -A2 'Name:.*foo' | grep 'Store paths:.*foo-1.0'
 nix profile install $flake1Dir -L
-nix profile list | grep -A4 'Index:.*1' | grep 'Locked flake URL:.*narHash'
+nix profile list | grep -A4 'Name:.*flake1' | grep 'Locked flake URL:.*narHash'
 [[ $($TEST_HOME/.nix-profile/bin/hello) = "Hello World" ]]
 [ -e $TEST_HOME/.nix-profile/share/man ]
 (! [ -e $TEST_HOME/.nix-profile/include ])
@@ -58,9 +58,8 @@ nix profile history | grep "packages.$system.default: ∅ -> 1.0"
 nix profile diff-closures | grep 'env-manifest.nix: ε → ∅'
 
 # Test XDG Base Directories support
-
 export NIX_CONFIG="use-xdg-base-directories = true"
-nix profile remove 1
+nix profile remove flake1
 nix profile install $flake1Dir
 [[ $($TEST_HOME/.local/state/nix/profile/bin/hello) = "Hello World" ]]
 unset NIX_CONFIG
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ unset NIX_CONFIG
 # Test upgrading a package.
 printf NixOS > $flake1Dir/who
 printf 2.0 > $flake1Dir/version
-nix profile upgrade 1
+nix profile upgrade flake1
 [[ $($TEST_HOME/.nix-profile/bin/hello) = "Hello NixOS" ]]
 nix profile history | grep "packages.$system.default: 1.0, 1.0-man -> 2.0, 2.0-man"
 
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ nix profile diff-closures | grep 'Version 3 -> 4'
 # Test installing a non-flake package.
 nix profile install --file ./simple.nix ''
 [[ $(cat $TEST_HOME/.nix-profile/hello) = "Hello World!" ]]
-nix profile remove 1
+nix profile remove simple
 nix profile install $(nix-build --no-out-link ./simple.nix)
 [[ $(cat $TEST_HOME/.nix-profile/hello) = "Hello World!" ]]
 
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ nix profile wipe-history
 # Test upgrade to CA package.
 printf true > $flake1Dir/ca.nix
 printf 3.0 > $flake1Dir/version
-nix profile upgrade 0
+nix profile upgrade flake1
 nix profile history | grep "packages.$system.default: 1.0, 1.0-man -> 3.0, 3.0-man"
 
 # Test new install of CA package.