In chroot builds, use a private network namespace

On Linux it's possible to run a process in its own network namespace,
meaning that it gets its own set of network interfaces, disjunct from
the rest of the system.  We use this to completely remove network
access to chroot builds, except that they get a private loopback
interface.  This means that:

- Builders cannot connect to the outside network or to other processes
  on the same machine, except processes within the same build.

- Vice versa, other processes cannot connect to processes in a chroot
  build, and open ports/connections do not show up in "netstat".

- If two concurrent builders try to listen on the same port (e.g. as
  part of a test), they no longer conflict with each other.

This was inspired by the "PrivateNetwork" flag in systemd.

src/libstore/build.cc

@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@
 
 #define CHROOT_ENABLED HAVE_CHROOT && HAVE_UNSHARE && HAVE_SYS_MOUNT_H && defined(MS_BIND) && defined(CLONE_NEWNS)
 
+#if CHROOT_ENABLED
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netinet/ip.h>
+#endif
+
 
 #if HAVE_SYS_PERSONALITY_H
 #include <sys/personality.h>
@@ -1769,12 +1776,30 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
 
 #if CHROOT_ENABLED
             if (useChroot) {
-                /* Create our own mount namespace.  This means that
+                /* Create our own mount and network namespace.  This
-                   all the bind mounts we do will only show up in this
+                   means that all the bind mounts we do will only show
-                   process and its children, and will disappear
+                   up in this process and its children, and will
-                   automatically when we're done. */
+                   disappear automatically when we're done.
-                if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == -1)
+                   Similarly, this process will not have any network
-                    throw SysError(format("cannot set up a private mount namespace"));
+                   interface except "lo" created below. */
+                if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWNET) == -1)
+                    throw SysError("cannot set up a private mount namespace");
+
+                /* Initialise the loopback interface.  Note that this
+                   loopback device is unique to this process and its
+                   children.  Thus they won't be able to open
+                   connections to the rest of the system, or vice
+                   versa. */
+                AutoCloseFD fd(socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP));
+                if (fd == -1) throw SysError("cannot open IP socket");
+                
+                struct ifreq ifr;
+                strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "lo");
+                ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_UP | IFF_LOOPBACK | IFF_RUNNING;
+                if (ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
+                    throw SysError("cannot set loopback interface flags");
+
+                fd.close();
 
                 /* Bind-mount all the directories from the "host"
                    filesystem that we want in the chroot