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add architecture notes
meeting notes from @edolstra giving a one-hour tour of the code
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doc/architecture.md
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129
doc/architecture.md
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This is a rough overview from informal discussions and explanations of inner workings of Hydra.
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You can use it as a guide to navigate the codebase or ask questions.
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## Architecture
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### Components
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- Postgres database
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- configuration
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- build queue
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- what is already built
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- what is going to build
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- `hydra-server`
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- Perl, Catalyst
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- web frontend
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- `hydra-evaluator`
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- Perl, C++
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- fetches repositories
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- evaluates job sets
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- pointers to a repository
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- adds builds to the queue
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- `hydra-queue-runner`
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- C++
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- monitors the queue
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- executes build steps
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- uploads build results
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- copy to a Nix store
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- Nix store
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- contains `.drv`s
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- populated by `hydra-evaluator`
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- read by `hydra-queue-runner`
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- destination Nix store
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- can be a binary cache
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- e.g. `[cache.nixos.org](http://cache.nixos.org)` or the same store again (for small Hydra instances)
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- plugin architecture
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- extend evaluator for new kinds of repositories
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- e.g. fetch from `git`
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### Database Schema
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[https://github.com/NixOS/hydra/blob/master/src/sql/hydra.sql](https://github.com/NixOS/hydra/blob/master/src/sql/hydra.sql)
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- `Jobsets`
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- populated by calling Nix evaluator
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- every Nix derivation in `release.nix` is a Job
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- `flake`
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- URL to flake, if job is from a flake
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- single-point of configuration for flake builds
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- flake itself contains pointers to dependencies
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- for other builds we need more configuration data
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- `JobsetInputs`
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- more configuration for a Job
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- `JobsetInputAlts`
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- historical, where you could have more than one alternative for each input
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- it would have done the cross product of all possibilities
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- not used any more, as now every input is unique
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- originally that was to have alternative values for the system parameter
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- `x86-linux`, `x86_64-darwin`
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- turned out not to be a good idea, as job set names did not uniquely identify output
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- `Builds`
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- queue: scheduled and finished builds
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- instance of a Job
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- corresponds to a top-level derivation
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- can have many dependencies that don’t have a corresponding build
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- dependencies represented as `BuildSteps`
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- a Job is all the builds with a particular name, e.g.
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- `git.x86_64-linux` is a job
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- there maybe be multiple builds for that job
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- build ID: just an auto-increment number
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- building one thing can actually cause many (hundreds of) derivations to be built
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- for queued builds, the `drv` has to be present in the store
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- otherwise build will fail, e.g. after garbage collection
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- `BuildSteps`
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- corresponds to a derivation or substitution
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- are reused through the Nix store
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- may be duplicated for unique derivations due to how they relate to `Jobs`
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- `BuildStepOutputs`
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- corresponds directly to derivation outputs
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- `out`, `dev`, ...
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- `BuildProducts`
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- not a Nix concept
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- populated from a special file `$out/nix-support/hydra-build-producs`
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- used to scrape parts of build results out to the web frontend
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- e.g. manuals, ISO images, etc.
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- `BuildMetrics`
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- scrapes data from magic location, similar to `BuildProducts` to show fancy graphs
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- e.g. test coverage, build times, CPU utilization for build
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- `$out/nix-support/hydra-metrics`
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- `BuildInputs`
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- probably obsolute
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- `JobsetEvalMembers`
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- joins evaluations with jobs
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- huge table, 10k’s of entries for one `nixpkgs` evaluation
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- can be imagined as a subset of the eval cache
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- could in principle use the eval cache
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### `release.nix`
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- hydra-specific convention to describe the build
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- should evaluate to an attribute set that contains derivations
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- hydra considers every attribute in that set a job
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- every job needs a unique name
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- if you want to build for multiple platforms, you need to reflect that in the name
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- hydra does a deep traversal of the attribute set
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- just evaluating the names may take half an hour
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## FAQ
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Can we imagine Hydra to be a persistence layer for the build graph?
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- partially, it lacks a lot of information
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- does not keep edges of the build graph
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How does Hydra relate to `nix build`?
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- reimplements the top level Nix build loop, scheduling, etc.
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- Hydra has to persist build results
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- Hydra has more sophisticated remote build execution and scheduling than Nix
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Is it conceptually possible to unify Hydra’s capabilities with regular Nix?
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- Nix does not have any scheduling, it just traverses the build graph
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- Hydra has scheduling in terms of job set priorities, tracks how much of a job set it has worked on
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- makes sure jobs don’t starve each other
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- Nix cannot dynamically add build jobs at runtime
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- [RFC 92](https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/blob/master/rfcs/0092-plan-dynamism.md) should enable that
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- internally it is already possible, but there is no interface to do that
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- Hydra queue runner is a long running process
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- Nix takes a static set of jobs, working it off at once
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