doc/manual: define {local,remote} store, binary cache, substituter
Nix veterans intuitively know what the following terms mean. They are used in several places in the nix documentation, but never defined: - local store - remote store - binary cache - substituter In particular, I found the last two terms to be confusingly similar. Let's give definitions for them.
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- [Garbage Collector Roots](package-management/garbage-collector-roots.md)
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- [Garbage Collector Roots](package-management/garbage-collector-roots.md)
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- [Channels](package-management/channels.md)
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- [Channels](package-management/channels.md)
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- [Sharing Packages Between Machines](package-management/sharing-packages.md)
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- [Sharing Packages Between Machines](package-management/sharing-packages.md)
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- [Terminology](package-management/terminology.md)
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- [Serving a Nix store via HTTP](package-management/binary-cache-substituter.md)
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- [Serving a Nix store via HTTP](package-management/binary-cache-substituter.md)
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- [Copying Closures via SSH](package-management/copy-closure.md)
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- [Copying Closures via SSH](package-management/copy-closure.md)
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- [Serving a Nix store via SSH](package-management/ssh-substituter.md)
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- [Serving a Nix store via SSH](package-management/ssh-substituter.md)
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# Terminology
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A *local store* exists on the local filesystem of the machine where
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Nix is invoked. The `/nix/store` directory is one example of a
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local store. You can use other local stores by passing the
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`--store` flag to `nix`.
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A *remote store* is a store which exists anywhere other than the
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local filesystem. One example is the `/nix/store` directory on
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another machine, accessed via `ssh` or served by the `nix-serve`
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Perl script.
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A *binary cache* is a remote store which is not the local store of
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any machine. Examples of binary caches include S3 buckets and the
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[NixOS binary cache](https://cache.nixos.org). Binary caches use a
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disk layout that is different from local stores; in particular, they
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keep metadata and signatures in `.narinfo` files rather than in
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`/nix/var/nix/db`.
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A *substituter* is a store other than `/nix/store` from which nix will
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copy the realisation of a derivation instead of building it. Nix will
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not copy a realisation from a remote store unless one of the following
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is true:
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- the realisation is signed by one of the `trusted-public-key`s
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- the substituter is in the `trusted-substituters` list
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- the `no-require-sigs` option has been set to disable signature checking
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