130 lines
5.4 KiB
XML
130 lines
5.4 KiB
XML
<chapter id='chap-build-farm'><title>Setting up a Build Farm</title>
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<para>This chapter provides some sketchy information on how to set up
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a Nix-based build farm. Nix is particularly suited as a basis for a
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build farm, since:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Nix supports distributed builds: a local Nix
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installation can forward Nix builds to other machines over the
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network. This allows multiple builds to be performed in parallel
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(thus improving performance), but more in importantly, it allows Nix
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to perform multi-platform builds in a semi-transparent way. For
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instance, if you perform a build for a
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<literal>powerpc-darwin</literal> on an
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<literal>i686-linux</literal> machine, Nix can automatically forward
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the build to a <literal>powerpc-darwin</literal> machine, if
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available.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The Nix expression language is ideal for describing
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build jobs, plus all their dependencies. For instance, if your
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package has some dependency, you don't have to manually install it
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on all the machines in the build farm; they will be built
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automatically.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Proper release management requires that builds (if
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deployed) are traceable: it should be possible to figure out from
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exactly what sources they were built, in what configuration, etc.;
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and it should be possible to reproduce the build, if necessary. Nix
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makes this possible since Nix's hashing scheme uniquely identifies
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builds, and Nix expressions are self-contained.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Nix will only rebuild things that have actually
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changed. For instance, if the sources of a component haven't
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changed between runs of the build farm, the component won't be
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rebuild (unless it was garbage-collected). Also, dependencies
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typically don't change very often, so they only need to be built
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once.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The results of a Nix build farm can be made
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available through a channel, so successful builds can be deployed to
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users immediately.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<section><title>Overview</title>
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<para>TODO</para>
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<para>The sources of the Nix build farm are at <ulink
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url='https://svn.cs.uu.nl:12443/repos/trace/release/trunk' />.</para>
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</section>
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<section id='sec-distributed-builds'><title>Setting up distributed builds</title>
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<para>You can enable distributed builds by setting the environment
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variable <envar>NIX_BUILD_HOOK</envar> to point to a program that Nix
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will call whenever it wants to build a derivation. The build hook
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(typically a shell or Perl script) can decline the build, in which Nix
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will perform it in the usual way if possible, or it can accept it, in
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which case it is responsible for somehow getting the inputs of the
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build to another machine, doing the build there, and getting the
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results back.</para>
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<example id='ex-remote-systems'><title>Remote machine configuration:
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<filename>remote-systems.conf</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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nix@mcflurry.labs.cs.uu.nl powerpc-darwin /home/nix/.ssh/id_quarterpounder_auto 2
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nix@scratchy.labs.cs.uu.nl i686-linux /home/nix/.ssh/id_scratchy_auto 1
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<para>An example build hook can be found in the Nix build farm
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sources: <ulink
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url='https://svn.cs.uu.nl:12443/repos/trace/release/trunk/common/distributed/build-remote.pl'
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/>. It should be suitable for most purposes, with maybe some minor
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adjustments. It uses <command>ssh</command> and
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<command>rsync</command> to copy the build inputs and outputs and
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perform the remote build. You should define a list of available build
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machines and set the environment variable
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<envar>REMOTE_SYSTEMS</envar> to point to it. An example
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configuration is shown in <xref linkend='ex-remote-systems' />. Each
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line in the file specifies a machine, with the following bits of
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information:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>The name of the remote machine, with optionally the
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user under which the remote build should be performed. This is
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actually passed as an argument to <command>ssh</command>, so it can
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be an alias defined in your
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<filename>~/.ssh/config</filename>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The Nix platform type identifier, such as
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<literal>powerpc-darwin</literal>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The SSH private key to be used to log in to the
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remote machine. Since builds should be non-interactive, this key
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should not have a passphrase!</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The maximum <quote>load</quote> of the remote
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machine. This is just the maximum number of jobs that
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<filename>build-remote.pl</filename> will execute in parallel on the
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machine. Typically this should be equal to the number of
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CPUs.</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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You should also set up the environment variable
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<envar>CURRENT_LOAD</envar> to point at a file that
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<filename>build-remote.pl</filename> uses to remember how many jobs it
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is currently executing remotely. It doesn't look at the actual load
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on the remote machine, so if you have multiple instances of Nix
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running, they should use the same <envar>CURRENT_LOAD</envar>
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file<footnote><para>Although there are probably some race conditions
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in the script right now.</para></footnote>. Maybe in the future
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<filename>build-remote.pl</filename> will look at the actual remote
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load. The load file should exist, so you should just create it as an
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empty file initially.</para>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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