diff --git a/src/libexpr/primops.cc b/src/libexpr/primops.cc
index e4107dbe1..aaeafb931 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/primops.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/primops.cc
@@ -1862,12 +1862,12 @@ static void addPath(
         // be rewritten to the actual output).
         state.realiseContext(context);
 
+        StorePathSet refs;
+
         if (state.store->isInStore(path)) {
             auto [storePath, subPath] = state.store->toStorePath(path);
-            auto info = state.store->queryPathInfo(storePath);
-            if (!info->references.empty())
-                throw EvalError("store path '%s' is not allowed to have references",
-                    state.store->printStorePath(storePath));
+            // FIXME: we should scanForReferences on the path before adding it
+            refs = state.store->queryPathInfo(storePath)->references;
             path = state.store->toRealPath(storePath) + subPath;
         }
 
@@ -1905,7 +1905,7 @@ static void addPath(
         if (!expectedHash || !state.store->isValidPath(*expectedStorePath)) {
             dstPath = state.store->printStorePath(settings.readOnlyMode
                 ? state.store->computeStorePathForPath(name, path, method, htSHA256, filter).first
-                : state.store->addToStore(name, path, method, htSHA256, filter, state.repair));
+                : state.store->addToStore(name, path, method, htSHA256, filter, state.repair, refs));
             if (expectedHash && expectedStorePath != state.store->parseStorePath(dstPath))
                 throw Error("store path mismatch in (possibly filtered) path added from '%s'", path);
         } else
diff --git a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc
index 943132754..5ca14a372 100644
--- a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc
@@ -308,16 +308,17 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & narSource
 }
 
 StorePath BinaryCacheStore::addToStoreFromDump(Source & dump, const string & name,
-    FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, RepairFlag repair)
+    FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, RepairFlag repair, const StorePathSet & references)
 {
     if (method != FileIngestionMethod::Recursive || hashAlgo != htSHA256)
         unsupported("addToStoreFromDump");
     return addToStoreCommon(dump, repair, CheckSigs, [&](HashResult nar) {
         ValidPathInfo info {
-            makeFixedOutputPath(method, nar.first, name),
+            makeFixedOutputPath(method, nar.first, name, references),
             nar.first,
         };
         info.narSize = nar.second;
+        info.references = references;
         return info;
     })->path;
 }
@@ -385,7 +386,7 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::queryPathInfoUncached(const StorePath & storePath,
 }
 
 StorePath BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const string & name, const Path & srcPath,
-    FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, PathFilter & filter, RepairFlag repair)
+    FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, PathFilter & filter, RepairFlag repair, const StorePathSet & references)
 {
     /* FIXME: Make BinaryCacheStore::addToStoreCommon support
        non-recursive+sha256 so we can just use the default
@@ -404,10 +405,11 @@ StorePath BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const string & name, const Path & srcPath
     });
     return addToStoreCommon(*source, repair, CheckSigs, [&](HashResult nar) {
         ValidPathInfo info {
-            makeFixedOutputPath(method, h, name),
+            makeFixedOutputPath(method, h, name, references),
             nar.first,
         };
         info.narSize = nar.second;
+        info.references = references;
         info.ca = FixedOutputHash {
             .method = method,
             .hash = h,
diff --git a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.hh b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.hh
index 723f2e805..a703994d3 100644
--- a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.hh
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ public:
         RepairFlag repair, CheckSigsFlag checkSigs) override;
 
     StorePath addToStoreFromDump(Source & dump, const string & name,
-        FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, RepairFlag repair) override;
+        FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, RepairFlag repair, const StorePathSet & references ) override;
 
     StorePath addToStore(const string & name, const Path & srcPath,
         FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo,
-        PathFilter & filter, RepairFlag repair) override;
+        PathFilter & filter, RepairFlag repair, const StorePathSet & references) override;
 
     StorePath addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
         const StorePathSet & references, RepairFlag repair) override;
diff --git a/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.cc b/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.cc
index 2182f0bb4..2ba79ec46 100644
--- a/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/build/local-derivation-goal.cc
@@ -1179,7 +1179,8 @@ struct RestrictedStore : public virtual RestrictedStoreConfig, public virtual Lo
 
     StorePath addToStore(const string & name, const Path & srcPath,
         FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256,
-        PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair) override
+        PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair,
+        const StorePathSet & references = StorePathSet()) override
     { throw Error("addToStore"); }
 
     void addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & narSource,
@@ -1198,9 +1199,10 @@ struct RestrictedStore : public virtual RestrictedStoreConfig, public virtual Lo
     }
 
     StorePath addToStoreFromDump(Source & dump, const string & name,
-        FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair) override
+        FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair,
+        const StorePathSet & references = StorePathSet()) override
     {
-        auto path = next->addToStoreFromDump(dump, name, method, hashAlgo, repair);
+        auto path = next->addToStoreFromDump(dump, name, method, hashAlgo, repair, references);
         goal.addDependency(path);
         return path;
     }
diff --git a/src/libstore/daemon.cc b/src/libstore/daemon.cc
index 9f6c3da3d..2eb566080 100644
--- a/src/libstore/daemon.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/daemon.cc
@@ -403,9 +403,7 @@ static void performOp(TunnelLogger * logger, ref<Store> store,
                         return store->queryPathInfo(path);
                     },
                     [&](FixedOutputHashMethod & fohm) {
-                        if (!refs.empty())
-                            throw UnimplementedError("cannot yet have refs with flat or nar-hashed data");
-                        auto path = store->addToStoreFromDump(source, name, fohm.fileIngestionMethod, fohm.hashType, repair);
+                        auto path = store->addToStoreFromDump(source, name, fohm.fileIngestionMethod, fohm.hashType, repair, refs);
                         return store->queryPathInfo(path);
                     },
                 }, contentAddressMethod);
diff --git a/src/libstore/legacy-ssh-store.cc b/src/libstore/legacy-ssh-store.cc
index 814960bb5..c4fb91364 100644
--- a/src/libstore/legacy-ssh-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/legacy-ssh-store.cc
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ struct LegacySSHStore : public virtual LegacySSHStoreConfig, public virtual Stor
 
     StorePath addToStore(const string & name, const Path & srcPath,
         FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo,
-        PathFilter & filter, RepairFlag repair) override
+        PathFilter & filter, RepairFlag repair, const StorePathSet & references) override
     { unsupported("addToStore"); }
 
     StorePath addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
diff --git a/src/libstore/local-store.cc b/src/libstore/local-store.cc
index eb3457339..eecd407f5 100644
--- a/src/libstore/local-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/local-store.cc
@@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ void LocalStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & source,
 
 
 StorePath LocalStore::addToStoreFromDump(Source & source0, const string & name,
-    FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, RepairFlag repair)
+    FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, RepairFlag repair, const StorePathSet & references)
 {
     /* For computing the store path. */
     auto hashSink = std::make_unique<HashSink>(hashAlgo);
@@ -1364,7 +1364,7 @@ StorePath LocalStore::addToStoreFromDump(Source & source0, const string & name,
 
     auto [hash, size] = hashSink->finish();
 
-    auto dstPath = makeFixedOutputPath(method, hash, name);
+    auto dstPath = makeFixedOutputPath(method, hash, name, references);
 
     addTempRoot(dstPath);
 
@@ -1411,6 +1411,7 @@ StorePath LocalStore::addToStoreFromDump(Source & source0, const string & name,
 
             ValidPathInfo info { dstPath, narHash.first };
             info.narSize = narHash.second;
+            info.references = references;
             info.ca = FixedOutputHash { .method = method, .hash = hash };
             registerValidPath(info);
         }
diff --git a/src/libstore/local-store.hh b/src/libstore/local-store.hh
index 301425eb1..7ddb1490f 100644
--- a/src/libstore/local-store.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/local-store.hh
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public:
         RepairFlag repair, CheckSigsFlag checkSigs) override;
 
     StorePath addToStoreFromDump(Source & dump, const string & name,
-        FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, RepairFlag repair) override;
+        FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, RepairFlag repair, const StorePathSet & references) override;
 
     StorePath addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
         const StorePathSet & references, RepairFlag repair) override;
diff --git a/src/libstore/remote-store.cc b/src/libstore/remote-store.cc
index 274203f8d..0e3ef6be4 100644
--- a/src/libstore/remote-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/remote-store.cc
@@ -582,9 +582,8 @@ ref<const ValidPathInfo> RemoteStore::addCAToStore(
 
 
 StorePath RemoteStore::addToStoreFromDump(Source & dump, const string & name,
-        FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashType, RepairFlag repair)
+      FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashType, RepairFlag repair, const StorePathSet & references)
 {
-    StorePathSet references;
     return addCAToStore(dump, name, FixedOutputHashMethod{ .fileIngestionMethod = method, .hashType = hashType }, references, repair)->path;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/remote-store.hh b/src/libstore/remote-store.hh
index 5f6da9af5..6c0496b28 100644
--- a/src/libstore/remote-store.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/remote-store.hh
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public:
 
     /* Add a content-addressable store path. Does not support references. `dump` will be drained. */
     StorePath addToStoreFromDump(Source & dump, const string & name,
-        FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair) override;
+        FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair, const StorePathSet & references = StorePathSet()) override;
 
     void addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, Source & nar,
         RepairFlag repair, CheckSigsFlag checkSigs) override;
diff --git a/src/libstore/store-api.cc b/src/libstore/store-api.cc
index b0d3688ce..ba13026f3 100644
--- a/src/libstore/store-api.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/store-api.cc
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ StorePath Store::computeStorePathForText(const string & name, const string & s,
 
 
 StorePath Store::addToStore(const string & name, const Path & _srcPath,
-    FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, PathFilter & filter, RepairFlag repair)
+    FileIngestionMethod method, HashType hashAlgo, PathFilter & filter, RepairFlag repair, const StorePathSet & references)
 {
     Path srcPath(absPath(_srcPath));
     auto source = sinkToSource([&](Sink & sink) {
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ StorePath Store::addToStore(const string & name, const Path & _srcPath,
         else
             readFile(srcPath, sink);
     });
-    return addToStoreFromDump(*source, name, method, hashAlgo, repair);
+    return addToStoreFromDump(*source, name, method, hashAlgo, repair, references);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/store-api.hh b/src/libstore/store-api.hh
index 8472e726a..b7899dd44 100644
--- a/src/libstore/store-api.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/store-api.hh
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ public:
        libutil/archive.hh). */
     virtual StorePath addToStore(const string & name, const Path & srcPath,
         FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256,
-        PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair);
+        PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair, const StorePathSet & references = StorePathSet());
 
     /* Copy the contents of a path to the store and register the
        validity the resulting path, using a constant amount of
@@ -468,7 +468,8 @@ public:
        `dump` may be drained */
     // FIXME: remove?
     virtual StorePath addToStoreFromDump(Source & dump, const string & name,
-        FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair)
+        FileIngestionMethod method = FileIngestionMethod::Recursive, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256, RepairFlag repair = NoRepair,
+        const StorePathSet & references = StorePathSet())
     { unsupported("addToStoreFromDump"); }
 
     /* Like addToStore, but the contents written to the output path is