From fe76b9f4b461c6a25f49a80a2476b7d60537c455 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Travis A. Everett" Date: Thu, 16 Jun 2022 09:37:52 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 1/9] doc: fix some darwin uninstall gaps --- doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md | 13 ++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md b/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md index 9fb9c80c3..762402948 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md @@ -148,7 +148,8 @@ and `/etc/zshrc` which you may remove. This will remove all the build users that no longer serve a purpose. 4. Edit fstab using `sudo vifs` to remove the line mounting the Nix Store - volume on `/nix`, which looks like this, + volume on `/nix`, which looks like + `UUID= /nix apfs rw,noauto,nobrowse,suid,owners` or `LABEL=Nix\040Store /nix apfs rw,nobrowse`. This will prevent automatic mounting of the Nix Store volume. @@ -175,6 +176,16 @@ and `/etc/zshrc` which you may remove. This will remove the Nix Store volume and everything that was added to the store. + If this command indicates that it couldn't remove the volume, your Nix Store + volume may not be mounted. Run the following to double-check: + + ```console + diskutil list + ``` + + If you see a Nix Store volume, re-run the diskutil deleteVolume command, but + replace `/nix` with the volume's `diskXsY` identifier. + > **Note** > > After you complete the steps here, you will still have an empty `/nix` From 649c9d9b4c0b2327b11c44cda7b5738efa245c08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Travis A. Everett" Date: Thu, 16 Jun 2022 09:47:15 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 2/9] doc: acknowledge post-rsync reality Before #5150 the copy-to-store phase of the install was idempotent, but the recursive cp isn't. This is probably baiting a few people into trying corrective installs that will fail. --- doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md | 13 +++++++------ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md b/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md index 762402948..a2f284d5a 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md @@ -176,15 +176,17 @@ and `/etc/zshrc` which you may remove. This will remove the Nix Store volume and everything that was added to the store. - If this command indicates that it couldn't remove the volume, your Nix Store - volume may not be mounted. Run the following to double-check: + If this command indicates that it couldn't remove the volume, you should + make sure you don't have an _unmounted_ Nix Store volume. Look for a + "Nix Store" volume in the output of the following command: ```console diskutil list ``` - If you see a Nix Store volume, re-run the diskutil deleteVolume command, but - replace `/nix` with the volume's `diskXsY` identifier. + If you _do_ see a "Nix Store" volume, delete it by re-running the diskutil + deleteVolume command, but replace `/nix` with the store volume's `diskXsY` + identifier. > **Note** > @@ -202,8 +204,7 @@ and `/etc/zshrc` which you may remove. We believe we have ironed out how to cleanly support the read-only root -on modern macOS. New installs will do this automatically, and you can -also re-run a new installer to convert your existing setup. +on modern macOS. New installs will do this automatically. This section previously detailed the situation, options, and trade-offs, but it now only outlines what the installer does. You don't need to know From 297f6b5d56204c5ece34c88ba09c50d4e12ccf89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jeremy Fleischman Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2022 09:45:48 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 3/9] Fix link to hacking doc Right now, https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nix/master/build.x86_64-linux/latest/download-by-type/doc/manual/contributing/hacking.html redirects to https://hydra.nixos.org/build/183877779/download/1/manual/contributing/hacking.html, which gives me a "500 Internal Server Error". Not super useful =( Feel free to ignore if someone's working to fix the 500 I was running into. --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 80d6f128c..8a02c4c75 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Information on additional installation methods is available on the [Nix download ## Building And Developing -See our [Hacking guide](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nix/master/build.x86_64-linux/latest/download-by-type/doc/manual/contributing/hacking.html) in our manual for instruction on how to +See our [Hacking guide](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/contributing/hacking.html) in our manual for instruction on how to build nix from source with nix-build or how to get a development environment. ## Additional Resources From c9f446ede1b09a9daff59e479601f49382071a22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erik Arvstedt Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 09:45:28 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 4/9] flakeref: fix comment --- src/libexpr/flake/flakeref.hh | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/src/libexpr/flake/flakeref.hh b/src/libexpr/flake/flakeref.hh index a9182f4bf..fe4f67193 100644 --- a/src/libexpr/flake/flakeref.hh +++ b/src/libexpr/flake/flakeref.hh @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ typedef std::string FlakeId; * object that fetcher generates (usually via * FlakeRef::fromAttrs(attrs) or parseFlakeRef(url) calls). * - * The actual fetch not have been performed yet (i.e. a FlakeRef may + * The actual fetch may not have been performed yet (i.e. a FlakeRef may * be lazy), but the fetcher can be invoked at any time via the * FlakeRef to ensure the store is populated with this input. */ From 53833dfb40ddfc978f47f5c180a73bc7e0400320 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erik Arvstedt Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 09:45:29 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 5/9] libexpr/flake: remove `FIXME` Line 593 checks that all overrides (i.e. all elements of `lockFlags.inputOverrides`) are members of `overridesUsed`. --- src/libexpr/flake/flake.cc | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/src/libexpr/flake/flake.cc b/src/libexpr/flake/flake.cc index cc9be1336..105e76bc6 100644 --- a/src/libexpr/flake/flake.cc +++ b/src/libexpr/flake/flake.cc @@ -341,7 +341,6 @@ LockedFlake lockFlake( debug("old lock file: %s", oldLockFile); - // FIXME: check whether all overrides are used. std::map overrides; std::set overridesUsed, updatesUsed; From 4c8441be0a59cead901acdfc3285d835c400c615 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Erik Arvstedt Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 09:45:30 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 6/9] docs/flake-update: fix example --- src/nix/flake-update.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/src/nix/flake-update.md b/src/nix/flake-update.md index 03b50e38e..2ee8a707d 100644 --- a/src/nix/flake-update.md +++ b/src/nix/flake-update.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ R""( lock file: ```console - # nix flake update + # nix flake update --commit-lock-file * Updated 'nix': 'github:NixOS/nix/9fab14adbc3810d5cc1f88672fde1eee4358405c' -> 'github:NixOS/nix/8927cba62f5afb33b01016d5c4f7f8b7d0adde3c' * Updated 'nixpkgs': 'github:NixOS/nixpkgs/3d2d8f281a27d466fa54b469b5993f7dde198375' -> 'github:NixOS/nixpkgs/a3a3dda3bacf61e8a39258a0ed9c924eeca8e293' … From 499ed265088948e823c83cc95d1097a6362d205b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Valentin Gagarin Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 11:36:32 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 7/9] manual: remove "Writing Nix Expressions" chapter it is out of date, all over the place in level of detail, is really about `nixpkgs`, and in general instructions should not be part of a reference manual. also: - update redirects and internal links - use "Nix language" consistently --- doc/manual/local.mk | 8 +- doc/manual/redirects.js | 207 +++++++++--------- doc/manual/src/SUMMARY.md.in | 23 +- doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-env.md | 2 +- doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-instantiate.md | 4 +- doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-store.md | 2 +- doc/manual/src/command-ref/opt-common.md | 4 +- .../src/expressions/arguments-variables.md | 80 ------- doc/manual/src/expressions/build-script.md | 70 ------ .../src/expressions/expression-syntax.md | 93 -------- doc/manual/src/expressions/generic-builder.md | 66 ------ .../expressions/simple-building-testing.md | 61 ------ .../src/expressions/simple-expression.md | 23 -- .../expressions/writing-nix-expressions.md | 12 - doc/manual/src/glossary.md | 2 +- .../advanced-attributes.md | 0 .../builtin-constants.md | 0 .../builtins-prefix.md | 0 .../builtins-suffix.md | 0 .../constructs.md} | 0 .../{expressions => language}/derivations.md | 0 .../index.md} | 5 +- .../operators.md} | 2 +- .../language-values.md => language/values.md} | 0 .../package-management/package-management.md | 3 +- 25 files changed, 124 insertions(+), 543 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 doc/manual/src/expressions/arguments-variables.md delete mode 100644 doc/manual/src/expressions/build-script.md delete mode 100644 doc/manual/src/expressions/expression-syntax.md delete mode 100644 doc/manual/src/expressions/generic-builder.md delete mode 100644 doc/manual/src/expressions/simple-building-testing.md delete mode 100644 doc/manual/src/expressions/simple-expression.md delete mode 100644 doc/manual/src/expressions/writing-nix-expressions.md rename doc/manual/src/{expressions => language}/advanced-attributes.md (100%) rename doc/manual/src/{expressions => language}/builtin-constants.md (100%) rename doc/manual/src/{expressions => language}/builtins-prefix.md (100%) rename doc/manual/src/{expressions => language}/builtins-suffix.md (100%) rename doc/manual/src/{expressions/language-constructs.md => language/constructs.md} (100%) rename doc/manual/src/{expressions => language}/derivations.md (100%) rename doc/manual/src/{expressions/expression-language.md => language/index.md} (84%) rename doc/manual/src/{expressions/language-operators.md => language/operators.md} (99%) rename doc/manual/src/{expressions/language-values.md => language/values.md} (100%) diff --git a/doc/manual/local.mk b/doc/manual/local.mk index 371ed6f21..02a88e4fb 100644 --- a/doc/manual/local.mk +++ b/doc/manual/local.mk @@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ $(d)/conf-file.json: $(bindir)/nix $(trace-gen) $(dummy-env) $(bindir)/nix show-config --json --experimental-features nix-command > $@.tmp @mv $@.tmp $@ -$(d)/src/expressions/builtins.md: $(d)/builtins.json $(d)/generate-builtins.nix $(d)/src/expressions/builtins-prefix.md $(bindir)/nix - @cat doc/manual/src/expressions/builtins-prefix.md > $@.tmp +$(d)/src/language/builtins.md: $(d)/builtins.json $(d)/generate-builtins.nix $(d)/src/language/builtins-prefix.md $(bindir)/nix + @cat doc/manual/src/language/builtins-prefix.md > $@.tmp $(trace-gen) $(nix-eval) --expr 'import doc/manual/generate-builtins.nix (builtins.fromJSON (builtins.readFile $<))' >> $@.tmp - @cat doc/manual/src/expressions/builtins-suffix.md >> $@.tmp + @cat doc/manual/src/language/builtins-suffix.md >> $@.tmp @mv $@.tmp $@ $(d)/builtins.json: $(bindir)/nix @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ doc/manual/generated/man1/nix3-manpages: $(d)/src/command-ref/new-cli done @touch $@ -$(docdir)/manual/index.html: $(MANUAL_SRCS) $(d)/book.toml $(d)/anchors.jq $(d)/custom.css $(d)/src/SUMMARY.md $(d)/src/command-ref/new-cli $(d)/src/command-ref/conf-file.md $(d)/src/expressions/builtins.md $(call rwildcard, $(d)/src, *.md) +$(docdir)/manual/index.html: $(MANUAL_SRCS) $(d)/book.toml $(d)/anchors.jq $(d)/custom.css $(d)/src/SUMMARY.md $(d)/src/command-ref/new-cli $(d)/src/command-ref/conf-file.md $(d)/src/language/builtins.md $(call rwildcard, $(d)/src, *.md) $(trace-gen) RUST_LOG=warn mdbook build doc/manual -d $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/manual endif diff --git a/doc/manual/redirects.js b/doc/manual/redirects.js index 19f928c7e..167e221b8 100644 --- a/doc/manual/redirects.js +++ b/doc/manual/redirects.js @@ -132,113 +132,106 @@ var redirects = { "#sec-common-options": 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"#gloss-deriver": "glossary.html#gloss-deriver", diff --git a/doc/manual/src/SUMMARY.md.in b/doc/manual/src/SUMMARY.md.in index c8cb72fc0..084c8f442 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/SUMMARY.md.in +++ b/doc/manual/src/SUMMARY.md.in @@ -26,21 +26,14 @@ - [Copying Closures via SSH](package-management/copy-closure.md) - [Serving a Nix store via SSH](package-management/ssh-substituter.md) - [Serving a Nix store via S3](package-management/s3-substituter.md) -- [Writing Nix Expressions](expressions/writing-nix-expressions.md) - - [A Simple Nix Expression](expressions/simple-expression.md) - - [Expression Syntax](expressions/expression-syntax.md) - - [Build Script](expressions/build-script.md) - - [Arguments and Variables](expressions/arguments-variables.md) - - [Building and Testing](expressions/simple-building-testing.md) - - [Generic Builder Syntax](expressions/generic-builder.md) - - [Nix Expression Language](expressions/expression-language.md) - - [Data Types](expressions/language-values.md) - - [Language Constructs](expressions/language-constructs.md) - - [Operators](expressions/language-operators.md) - - [Derivations](expressions/derivations.md) - - [Advanced Attributes](expressions/advanced-attributes.md) - - [Built-in Constants](expressions/builtin-constants.md) - - [Built-in Functions](expressions/builtins.md) +- [Nix Language](language/index.md) + - [Data Types](language/values.md) + - [Language Constructs](language/constructs.md) + - [Operators](language/operators.md) + - [Derivations](language/derivations.md) + - [Advanced Attributes](language/advanced-attributes.md) + - [Built-in Constants](language/builtin-constants.md) + - [Built-in Functions](language/builtins.md) - [Advanced Topics](advanced-topics/advanced-topics.md) - [Remote Builds](advanced-topics/distributed-builds.md) - [Tuning Cores and Jobs](advanced-topics/cores-vs-jobs.md) diff --git a/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-env.md b/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-env.md index a372c5eae..a5df35d77 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-env.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-env.md @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ a number of possible ways: another. - If `--from-expression` is given, *args* are Nix - [functions](../expressions/language-constructs.md#functions) + [functions](../language/constructs.md#functions) that are called with the active Nix expression as their single argument. The derivations returned by those function calls are installed. This allows derivations to be specified in an diff --git a/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-instantiate.md b/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-instantiate.md index 2e198daed..8f143729e 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-instantiate.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-instantiate.md @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ standard input. - `--strict`\ When used with `--eval`, recursively evaluate list elements and attributes. Normally, such sub-expressions are left unevaluated - (since the Nix expression language is lazy). + (since the Nix language is lazy). > **Warning** > @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ standard input. When used with `--eval`, print the resulting value as an XML representation of the abstract syntax tree rather than as an ATerm. The schema is the same as that used by the [`toXML` - built-in](../expressions/builtins.md). + built-in](../language/builtins.md). - `--read-write-mode`\ When used with `--eval`, perform evaluation in read/write mode so diff --git a/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-store.md b/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-store.md index dc8faba68..ecd838e8d 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-store.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/command-ref/nix-store.md @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Special exit codes: - `102`\ Hash mismatch, the build output was rejected because it does not match the [`outputHash` attribute of the - derivation](../expressions/advanced-attributes.md). + derivation](../language/advanced-attributes.md). - `104`\ Not deterministic, the build succeeded in check mode but the diff --git a/doc/manual/src/command-ref/opt-common.md b/doc/manual/src/command-ref/opt-common.md index 51d7de18a..e612c416f 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/command-ref/opt-common.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/command-ref/opt-common.md @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Most Nix commands accept the following command-line options: expression evaluator will automatically try to call functions that it encounters. It can automatically call functions for which every argument has a [default - value](../expressions/language-constructs.md#functions) (e.g., + value](../language/constructs.md#functions) (e.g., `{ argName ? defaultValue }: ...`). With `--arg`, you can also call functions that have arguments without a default value (or override a default value). That is, if the evaluator encounters a @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ Most Nix commands accept the following command-line options: So if you call this Nix expression (e.g., when you do `nix-env -iA pkgname`), the function will be called automatically using the - value [`builtins.currentSystem`](../expressions/builtins.md) for + value [`builtins.currentSystem`](../language/builtins.md) for the `system` argument. You can override this using `--arg`, e.g., `nix-env -iA pkgname --arg system \"i686-freebsd\"`. (Note that since the argument is a Nix string literal, you have to escape the diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/arguments-variables.md b/doc/manual/src/expressions/arguments-variables.md deleted file mode 100644 index 12198c879..000000000 --- a/doc/manual/src/expressions/arguments-variables.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -# Arguments and Variables - -The [Nix expression for GNU Hello](expression-syntax.md) is a -function; it is missing some arguments that have to be filled in -somewhere. In the Nix Packages collection this is done in the file -`pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`, where all Nix expressions for -packages are imported and called with the appropriate arguments. Here -are some fragments of `all-packages.nix`, with annotations of what -they mean: - -```nix -... - -rec { ① - - hello = import ../applications/misc/hello/ex-1 ② { ③ - inherit fetchurl stdenv perl; - }; - - perl = import ../development/interpreters/perl { ④ - inherit fetchurl stdenv; - }; - - fetchurl = import ../build-support/fetchurl { - inherit stdenv; ... - }; - - stdenv = ...; - -} -``` - -1. This file defines a set of attributes, all of which are concrete - derivations (i.e., not functions). In fact, we define a *mutually - recursive* set of attributes. That is, the attributes can refer to - each other. This is precisely what we want since we want to “plug” - the various packages into each other. - -2. Here we *import* the Nix expression for GNU Hello. The import - operation just loads and returns the specified Nix expression. In - fact, we could just have put the contents of the Nix expression - for GNU Hello in `all-packages.nix` at this point. That would be - completely equivalent, but it would make `all-packages.nix` rather - bulky. - - Note that we refer to `../applications/misc/hello/ex-1`, not - `../applications/misc/hello/ex-1/default.nix`. When you try to - import a directory, Nix automatically appends `/default.nix` to the - file name. - -3. This is where the actual composition takes place. Here we *call* the - function imported from `../applications/misc/hello/ex-1` with a set - containing the things that the function expects, namely `fetchurl`, - `stdenv`, and `perl`. We use inherit again to use the attributes - defined in the surrounding scope (we could also have written - `fetchurl = fetchurl;`, etc.). - - The result of this function call is an actual derivation that can be - built by Nix (since when we fill in the arguments of the function, - what we get is its body, which is the call to `stdenv.mkDerivation` - in the [Nix expression for GNU Hello](expression-syntax.md)). - - > **Note** - > - > Nixpkgs has a convenience function `callPackage` that imports and - > calls a function, filling in any missing arguments by passing the - > corresponding attribute from the Nixpkgs set, like this: - > - > ```nix - > hello = callPackage ../applications/misc/hello/ex-1 { }; - > ``` - > - > If necessary, you can set or override arguments: - > - > ```nix - > hello = callPackage ../applications/misc/hello/ex-1 { stdenv = myStdenv; }; - > ``` - -4. Likewise, we have to instantiate Perl, `fetchurl`, and the standard - environment. diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/build-script.md b/doc/manual/src/expressions/build-script.md deleted file mode 100644 index b1eacae88..000000000 --- a/doc/manual/src/expressions/build-script.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -# Build Script - -Here is the builder referenced from Hello's Nix expression (stored in -`pkgs/applications/misc/hello/ex-1/builder.sh`): - -```bash -source $stdenv/setup ① - -PATH=$perl/bin:$PATH ② - -tar xvfz $src ③ -cd hello-* -./configure --prefix=$out ④ -make ⑤ -make install -``` - -The builder can actually be made a lot shorter by using the *generic -builder* functions provided by `stdenv`, but here we write out the build -steps to elucidate what a builder does. It performs the following steps: - -1. When Nix runs a builder, it initially completely clears the - environment (except for the attributes declared in the derivation). - This is done to prevent undeclared inputs from being used in the - build process. If for example the `PATH` contained `/usr/bin`, then - you might accidentally use `/usr/bin/gcc`. - - So the first step is to set up the environment. This is done by - calling the `setup` script of the standard environment. The - environment variable `stdenv` points to the location of the - standard environment being used. (It wasn't specified explicitly - as an attribute in Hello's Nix expression, but `mkDerivation` adds - it automatically.) - -2. Since Hello needs Perl, we have to make sure that Perl is in the - `PATH`. The `perl` environment variable points to the location of - the Perl package (since it was passed in as an attribute to the - derivation), so `$perl/bin` is the directory containing the Perl - interpreter. - -3. Now we have to unpack the sources. The `src` attribute was bound to - the result of fetching the Hello source tarball from the network, so - the `src` environment variable points to the location in the Nix - store to which the tarball was downloaded. After unpacking, we `cd` - to the resulting source directory. - - The whole build is performed in a temporary directory created in - `/tmp`, by the way. This directory is removed after the builder - finishes, so there is no need to clean up the sources afterwards. - Also, the temporary directory is always newly created, so you don't - have to worry about files from previous builds interfering with the - current build. - -4. GNU Hello is a typical Autoconf-based package, so we first have to - run its `configure` script. In Nix every package is stored in a - separate location in the Nix store, for instance - `/nix/store/9a54ba97fb71b65fda531012d0443ce2-hello-2.1.1`. Nix - computes this path by cryptographically hashing all attributes of - the derivation. The path is passed to the builder through the `out` - environment variable. So here we give `configure` the parameter - `--prefix=$out` to cause Hello to be installed in the expected - location. - -5. Finally we build Hello (`make`) and install it into the location - specified by `out` (`make install`). - -If you are wondering about the absence of error checking on the result -of various commands called in the builder: this is because the shell -script is evaluated with Bash's `-e` option, which causes the script to -be aborted if any command fails without an error check. diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/expression-syntax.md b/doc/manual/src/expressions/expression-syntax.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6b93e692c..000000000 --- a/doc/manual/src/expressions/expression-syntax.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,93 +0,0 @@ -# Expression Syntax - -Here is a Nix expression for GNU Hello: - -```nix -{ stdenv, fetchurl, perl }: ① - -stdenv.mkDerivation { ② - name = "hello-2.1.1"; ③ - builder = ./builder.sh; ④ - src = fetchurl { ⑤ - url = "ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.1.1.tar.gz"; - sha256 = "1md7jsfd8pa45z73bz1kszpp01yw6x5ljkjk2hx7wl800any6465"; - }; - inherit perl; ⑥ -} -``` - -This file is actually already in the Nix Packages collection in -`pkgs/applications/misc/hello/ex-1/default.nix`. It is customary to -place each package in a separate directory and call the single Nix -expression in that directory `default.nix`. The file has the following -elements (referenced from the figure by number): - -1. This states that the expression is a *function* that expects to be - called with three arguments: `stdenv`, `fetchurl`, and `perl`. They - are needed to build Hello, but we don't know how to build them here; - that's why they are function arguments. `stdenv` is a package that - is used by almost all Nix Packages; it provides a - “standard” environment consisting of the things you would expect - in a basic Unix environment: a C/C++ compiler (GCC, to be precise), - the Bash shell, fundamental Unix tools such as `cp`, `grep`, `tar`, - etc. `fetchurl` is a function that downloads files. `perl` is the - Perl interpreter. - - Nix functions generally have the form `{ x, y, ..., z }: e` where - `x`, `y`, etc. are the names of the expected arguments, and where - *e* is the body of the function. So here, the entire remainder of - the file is the body of the function; when given the required - arguments, the body should describe how to build an instance of - the Hello package. - -2. So we have to build a package. Building something from other stuff - is called a *derivation* in Nix (as opposed to sources, which are - built by humans instead of computers). We perform a derivation by - calling `stdenv.mkDerivation`. `mkDerivation` is a function - provided by `stdenv` that builds a package from a set of - *attributes*. A set is just a list of key/value pairs where each - key is a string and each value is an arbitrary Nix - expression. They take the general form `{ name1 = expr1; ... - nameN = exprN; }`. - -3. The attribute `name` specifies the symbolic name and version of - the package. Nix doesn't really care about these things, but they - are used by for instance `nix-env -q` to show a “human-readable” - name for packages. This attribute is required by `mkDerivation`. - -4. The attribute `builder` specifies the builder. This attribute can - sometimes be omitted, in which case `mkDerivation` will fill in a - default builder (which does a `configure; make; make install`, in - essence). Hello is sufficiently simple that the default builder - would suffice, but in this case, we will show an actual builder - for educational purposes. The value `./builder.sh` refers to the - shell script shown in the [next section](build-script.md), - discussed below. - -5. The builder has to know what the sources of the package are. Here, - the attribute `src` is bound to the result of a call to the - `fetchurl` function. Given a URL and a SHA-256 hash of the expected - contents of the file at that URL, this function builds a derivation - that downloads the file and checks its hash. So the sources are a - dependency that like all other dependencies is built before Hello - itself is built. - - Instead of `src` any other name could have been used, and in fact - there can be any number of sources (bound to different attributes). - However, `src` is customary, and it's also expected by the default - builder (which we don't use in this example). - -6. Since the derivation requires Perl, we have to pass the value of the - `perl` function argument to the builder. All attributes in the set - are actually passed as environment variables to the builder, so - declaring an attribute - - ```nix - perl = perl; - ``` - - will do the trick: it binds an attribute `perl` to the function - argument which also happens to be called `perl`. However, it looks a - bit silly, so there is a shorter syntax. The `inherit` keyword - causes the specified attributes to be bound to whatever variables - with the same name happen to be in scope. diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/generic-builder.md b/doc/manual/src/expressions/generic-builder.md deleted file mode 100644 index cf26b5f82..000000000 --- a/doc/manual/src/expressions/generic-builder.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ -# Generic Builder Syntax - -Recall that the [build script for GNU Hello](build-script.md) looked -something like this: - -```bash -PATH=$perl/bin:$PATH -tar xvfz $src -cd hello-* -./configure --prefix=$out -make -make install -``` - -The builders for almost all Unix packages look like this — set up some -environment variables, unpack the sources, configure, build, and -install. For this reason the standard environment provides some Bash -functions that automate the build process. Here is what a builder using -the generic build facilities looks like: - -```bash -buildInputs="$perl" ① - -source $stdenv/setup ② - -genericBuild ③ -``` - -Here is what each line means: - -1. The `buildInputs` variable tells `setup` to use the indicated - packages as “inputs”. This means that if a package provides a `bin` - subdirectory, it's added to `PATH`; if it has a `include` - subdirectory, it's added to GCC's header search path; and so on. - (This is implemented in a modular way: `setup` tries to source the - file `pkg/nix-support/setup-hook` of all dependencies. These “setup - hooks” can then set up whatever environment variables they want; for - instance, the setup hook for Perl sets the `PERL5LIB` environment - variable to contain the `lib/site_perl` directories of all inputs.) - -2. The function `genericBuild` is defined in the file `$stdenv/setup`. - -3. The final step calls the shell function `genericBuild`, which - performs the steps that were done explicitly in the previous build - script. The generic builder is smart enough to figure out whether - to unpack the sources using `gzip`, `bzip2`, etc. It can be - customised in many ways; see the Nixpkgs manual for details. - -Discerning readers will note that the `buildInputs` could just as well -have been set in the Nix expression, like this: - -```nix - buildInputs = [ perl ]; -``` - -The `perl` attribute can then be removed, and the builder becomes even -shorter: - -```bash -source $stdenv/setup -genericBuild -``` - -In fact, `mkDerivation` provides a default builder that looks exactly -like that, so it is actually possible to omit the builder for Hello -entirely. diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/simple-building-testing.md b/doc/manual/src/expressions/simple-building-testing.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7f0d8f841..000000000 --- a/doc/manual/src/expressions/simple-building-testing.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -# Building and Testing - -You can now try to build Hello. Of course, you could do `nix-env -f . -iA -hello`, but you may not want to install a possibly broken package just -yet. The best way to test the package is by using the command -`nix-build`, which builds a Nix expression and creates a symlink named -`result` in the current directory: - -```console -$ nix-build -A hello -building path `/nix/store/632d2b22514d...-hello-2.1.1' -hello-2.1.1/ -hello-2.1.1/intl/ -hello-2.1.1/intl/ChangeLog -... - -$ ls -l result -lrwxrwxrwx ... 2006-09-29 10:43 result -> /nix/store/632d2b22514d...-hello-2.1.1 - -$ ./result/bin/hello -Hello, world! -``` - -The `-A` option selects the `hello` attribute. This is faster than -using the symbolic package name specified by the `name` attribute -(which also happens to be `hello`) and is unambiguous (there can be -multiple packages with the symbolic name `hello`, but there can be -only one attribute in a set named `hello`). - -`nix-build` registers the `./result` symlink as a garbage collection -root, so unless and until you delete the `./result` symlink, the output -of the build will be safely kept on your system. You can use -`nix-build`’s `-o` switch to give the symlink another name. - -Nix has transactional semantics. Once a build finishes successfully, Nix -makes a note of this in its database: it registers that the path denoted -by `out` is now “valid”. If you try to build the derivation again, Nix -will see that the path is already valid and finish immediately. If a -build fails, either because it returns a non-zero exit code, because Nix -or the builder are killed, or because the machine crashes, then the -output paths will not be registered as valid. If you try to build the -derivation again, Nix will remove the output paths if they exist (e.g., -because the builder died half-way through `make -install`) and try again. Note that there is no “negative caching”: Nix -doesn't remember that a build failed, and so a failed build can always -be repeated. This is because Nix cannot distinguish between permanent -failures (e.g., a compiler error due to a syntax error in the source) -and transient failures (e.g., a disk full condition). - -Nix also performs locking. If you run multiple Nix builds -simultaneously, and they try to build the same derivation, the first Nix -instance that gets there will perform the build, while the others block -(or perform other derivations if available) until the build finishes: - -```console -$ nix-build -A hello -waiting for lock on `/nix/store/0h5b7hp8d4hqfrw8igvx97x1xawrjnac-hello-2.1.1x' -``` - -So it is always safe to run multiple instances of Nix in parallel (which -isn’t the case with, say, `make`). diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/simple-expression.md b/doc/manual/src/expressions/simple-expression.md deleted file mode 100644 index 857f71b9b..000000000 --- a/doc/manual/src/expressions/simple-expression.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# A Simple Nix Expression - -This section shows how to add and test the [GNU Hello -package](http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/hello.html) to the Nix -Packages collection. Hello is a program that prints out the text “Hello, -world\!”. - -To add a package to the Nix Packages collection, you generally need to -do three things: - -1. Write a Nix expression for the package. This is a file that - describes all the inputs involved in building the package, such as - dependencies, sources, and so on. - -2. Write a *builder*. This is a shell script that builds the package - from the inputs. (In fact, it can be written in any language, but - typically it's a `bash` shell script.) - -3. Add the package to the file `pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`. The - Nix expression written in the first step is a *function*; it - requires other packages in order to build it. In this step you put - it all together, i.e., you call the function with the right - arguments to build the actual package. diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/writing-nix-expressions.md b/doc/manual/src/expressions/writing-nix-expressions.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5664108e7..000000000 --- a/doc/manual/src/expressions/writing-nix-expressions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -This chapter shows you how to write Nix expressions, which instruct Nix -how to build packages. It starts with a simple example (a Nix expression -for GNU Hello), and then moves on to a more in-depth look at the Nix -expression language. - -> **Note** -> -> This chapter is mostly about the Nix expression language. For more -> extensive information on adding packages to the Nix Packages -> collection (such as functions in the standard environment and coding -> conventions), please consult [its -> manual](http://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/). diff --git a/doc/manual/src/glossary.md b/doc/manual/src/glossary.md index 3448b971b..aa0ac78cb 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/glossary.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/glossary.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ - [derivation]{#gloss-derivation}\ A description of a build action. The result of a derivation is a store object. Derivations are typically specified in Nix expressions - using the [`derivation` primitive](expressions/derivations.md). These are + using the [`derivation` primitive](language/derivations.md). These are translated into low-level *store derivations* (implicitly by `nix-env` and `nix-build`, or explicitly by `nix-instantiate`). diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/advanced-attributes.md b/doc/manual/src/language/advanced-attributes.md similarity index 100% rename from doc/manual/src/expressions/advanced-attributes.md rename to doc/manual/src/language/advanced-attributes.md diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/builtin-constants.md b/doc/manual/src/language/builtin-constants.md similarity index 100% rename from doc/manual/src/expressions/builtin-constants.md rename to doc/manual/src/language/builtin-constants.md diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/builtins-prefix.md b/doc/manual/src/language/builtins-prefix.md similarity index 100% rename from doc/manual/src/expressions/builtins-prefix.md rename to doc/manual/src/language/builtins-prefix.md diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/builtins-suffix.md b/doc/manual/src/language/builtins-suffix.md similarity index 100% rename from doc/manual/src/expressions/builtins-suffix.md rename to doc/manual/src/language/builtins-suffix.md diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/language-constructs.md b/doc/manual/src/language/constructs.md similarity index 100% rename from doc/manual/src/expressions/language-constructs.md rename to doc/manual/src/language/constructs.md diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/derivations.md b/doc/manual/src/language/derivations.md similarity index 100% rename from doc/manual/src/expressions/derivations.md rename to doc/manual/src/language/derivations.md diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/expression-language.md b/doc/manual/src/language/index.md similarity index 84% rename from doc/manual/src/expressions/expression-language.md rename to doc/manual/src/language/index.md index 267fcb983..c4b3abf75 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/expressions/expression-language.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/language/index.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Nix Expression Language +# Nix Language -The Nix expression language is a pure, lazy, functional language. Purity +The Nix language is a pure, lazy, functional language. Purity means that operations in the language don't have side-effects (for instance, there is no variable assignment). Laziness means that arguments to functions are evaluated only when they are needed. @@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ full-featured, general purpose language. Its main job is to describe packages, compositions of packages, and the variability within packages. This section presents the various features of the language. + diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/language-operators.md b/doc/manual/src/language/operators.md similarity index 99% rename from doc/manual/src/expressions/language-operators.md rename to doc/manual/src/language/operators.md index 268b44f4c..32398189d 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/expressions/language-operators.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/language/operators.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Operators -The table below lists the operators in the Nix expression language, in +The table below lists the operators in the Nix language, in order of precedence (from strongest to weakest binding). | Name | Syntax | Associativity | Description | Precedence | diff --git a/doc/manual/src/expressions/language-values.md b/doc/manual/src/language/values.md similarity index 100% rename from doc/manual/src/expressions/language-values.md rename to doc/manual/src/language/values.md diff --git a/doc/manual/src/package-management/package-management.md b/doc/manual/src/package-management/package-management.md index bd26a09ab..d528112e2 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/package-management/package-management.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/package-management/package-management.md @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ This chapter discusses how to do package management with Nix, i.e., how to obtain, install, upgrade, and erase packages. This is the “user’s” perspective of the Nix system — people who want to *create* -packages should consult the [chapter on writing Nix -expressions](../expressions/writing-nix-expressions.md). +packages should consult the chapter on the [Nix language](../language/index.md). From 3c2de2da01704ad2b43182b3b9080dc541e7efc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Domen=20Ko=C5=BEar?= Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 06:23:36 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 8/9] Update doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md Co-authored-by: Valentin Gagarin --- doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md b/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md index a2f284d5a..d94e78a91 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ and `/etc/zshrc` which you may remove. 4. Edit fstab using `sudo vifs` to remove the line mounting the Nix Store volume on `/nix`, which looks like - `UUID= /nix apfs rw,noauto,nobrowse,suid,owners` or + `UUID= /nix apfs rw,noauto,nobrowse,suid,owners` or `LABEL=Nix\040Store /nix apfs rw,nobrowse`. This will prevent automatic mounting of the Nix Store volume. From 84a26882f86e68df3f2d0f66ff627e0dbd6365f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Domen=20Ko=C5=BEar?= Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 06:23:45 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 9/9] Update doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md Co-authored-by: Valentin Gagarin --- doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md b/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md index d94e78a91..ed0f65177 100644 --- a/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md +++ b/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ and `/etc/zshrc` which you may remove. This will remove the Nix Store volume and everything that was added to the store. - If this command indicates that it couldn't remove the volume, you should + If the output indicates that the command couldn't remove the volume, you should make sure you don't have an _unmounted_ Nix Store volume. Look for a "Nix Store" volume in the output of the following command: