$ nix-env -e $(which firefox)
or
$ nix-env -e /nix/store/nywzlygrkfcgz7dfmhm5xixlx1l0m60v-pan-0.132
* nix-env -i: if an argument contains a slash anywhere, treat it as a
path and follow it through symlinks into the Nix store. This allows
things like
$ nix-build -A firefox
$ nix-env -i ./result
* nix-env -q/-i/-e: don't complain when the `*' selector doesn't match
anything. In particular, `nix-env -q \*' doesn't fail anymore on an
empty profile.
but installations/upgrades as well. So `nix-env -ub \*' will
upgrade only those packages for which a substitute is available (or
to be precise, it will upgrade each package to the highest version
for which a substitute is available).
the given attribute path (just as -A does with other option)
(NIX-83). So you can now say
$ nix-env -qa -A nixpkgs_unstable.gnome \*
atk-1.12.4
esound-0.2.36
...
to see the packages in the "gnome" attribute in Nixpkgs.
To *print* the attribute path, you should now use "--attr-path" /
"-P" (running out of letters...).
Nix expressions in that directory are combined into an attribute set
{file1 = import file1; file2 = import file2; ...}, i.e. each Nix
expression is an attribute with the file name as the attribute
name. Also recurses into directories.
* nix-env: removed the "--import" (-I) option which set the
~/.nix-defexpr symlink.
* nix-channel: don't use "nix-env --import", instead symlink
~/.nix-defexpr/channels. So finally nix-channel --update doesn't
override any default Nix expressions but combines with them.
This means that you can have (say) a local Nixpkgs SVN tree and use
it as a default for nix-env:
$ ln -s .../path-to-nixpkgs-tree ~/.nix-defexpr/nixpkgs_svn
and be subscribed to channels (including Nixpkgs) at the same time.
(If there is any ambiguity, the -A flag can be used to
disambiguate, e.g. "nix-env -i -A nixpkgs_svn.pan".)
by priority and version install. That is, if there are multiple
packages with the same name, then pick the package with the highest
priority, and only use the version if there are multiple packages
with the same priority.
This makes it possible to mark specific versions/variant in Nixpkgs
more or less desirable than others. A typical example would be a
beta version of some package (e.g., "gcc-4.2.0rc1") which should not
be installed even though it is the highest version, except when it
is explicitly selected (e.g., "nix-env -i gcc-4.2.0rc1").
* Idem for nix-env -u, only the semantics are a bit trickier since we
also need to take into account the priority of the currently
installed package (we never upgrade to a lower priority, unless
--always is given).
a user environment by an install or upgrade action. This is
particularly useful if you have a version installed that you don't
want to upgrade (e.g., because the newer versions are broken).
Example:
$ nix-env -u zapping --dry-run
(dry run; not doing anything)
upgrading `zapping-0.9.6' to `zapping-0.10cvs6'
$ nix-env --set-flag keep true zapping
$ nix-env -u zapping --dry-run
(dry run; not doing anything)
However, "-e" will still uninstall the package. (Maybe we should
require the keep flag to be explicitly set to false before it can be
uninstalled.)
to show only those derivations whose output is already in the Nix
store or that can be substituted (i.e., downloaded from somewhere).
In other words, it shows the packages that can be installed “quickly”,
i.e., don’t need to be built from source.
attribute) about installed packages in user environments. Thus, an
operation like `nix-env -q --description' shows useful information
not only on available packages but also on installed packages.
* nix-env now passes the entire manifest as an argument to the Nix
expression of the user environment builder (not just a list of
paths), so that in particular the user environment builder has
access to the meta attributes.
* New operation `--set-flag' in nix-env to change meta info of
installed packages. This will be useful to pass per-package
policies to the user environment builder (e.g., how to resolve
collision or whether to disable a package (NIX-80)) or upgrade
policies in nix-env (e.g., that a package should be "masked", that
is, left untouched by upgrade actions). Example:
$ nix-env --set-flag enabled false ghc-6.4
single derivation specified by the argument. This is useful when we
want to have a profile for a single derivation, such as a server
configuration. Then we can just say (e.g.)
$ nix-env -p /.../server-profile -f server.nix --set -A server
We can't do queries or upgrades on such a profile, but we can do
rollbacks. The advantage over -i is that we don't have to worry
about other packages having been installed in the profile
previously; --set gets rid of them.
`nix-store --delete'. But unprivileged users are not allowed to
ignore liveness.
* `nix-store --delete --ignore-liveness': ignore the runtime roots as
well.
containing functions that operate on the Nix store. One
implementation is LocalStore, which operates on the Nix store
directly. The next step, to enable secure multi-user Nix, is to
create a different implementation RemoteStore that talks to a
privileged daemon process that uses LocalStore to perform the actual
operations.
concatenation and string coercion. This was a big mess (see
e.g. NIX-67). Contexts are now folded into strings, so that they
don't cause evaluation errors when they're not expected. The
semantics of paths has been clarified (see nixexpr-ast.def).
toString() and coerceToString() have been merged.
Semantic change: paths are now copied to the store when they're in a
concatenation (and in most other situations - that's the
formalisation of the meaning of a path). So
"foo " + ./bla
evaluates to "foo /nix/store/hash...-bla", not "foo
/path/to/current-dir/bla". This prevents accidental impurities, and
is more consistent with the treatment of derivation outputs, e.g.,
`"foo " + bla' where `bla' is a derivation. (Here `bla' would be
replaced by the output path of `bla'.)
Nix-env failed to call addPermRoot(), which is necessary to safely
add a new root. So if nix-env started after and finished before the
garbage collector, the user environment (plus all other new stuff)
it built might be garbage collected, leading to a dangling symlink
chain in ~/.nix-profile...
* Be more explicit if we block on the GC lock ("waiting for the big
garbage collector lock...").
* Don't loop trying to create a new generation. It's not necessary
anymore since profiles are locked nowadays.
https://svn.cs.uu.nl:12443/repos/trace/buildfarm-control/trunk/ext/nix/,
with some modifications. This allows `nix-env -qa' to show the
attribute path that can be used to unambiguously install a package
using `nix-env -i -A'. Example:
$ nix-env -f top-level/all-packages.nix -qaA subversion xorg-server
subversionWithJava subversion-1.2.3
subversion subversion-1.3.2
subversion14 subversion-1.4.0pre-rc1
xorg.xorgserver xorg-server-1.1.0
e.g.,
$ nix-env -i -A subversion xorg.xorgserver
The main advantage over using symbolic names is that using attribute
names is unambiguous and much, much faster.
packages (provided that they have a `meta.description' attribute).
E.g.,
$ ./src/nix-env/nix-env -qa --description gcc
gcc-4.0.2 GNU Compiler Collection, 4.0.x (cross-compiler for sparc-linux)
gcc-4.0.2 GNU Compiler Collection, 4.0.x (cross-compiler for mips-linux)
gcc-4.0.2 GNU Compiler Collection, 4.0.x (cross-compiler for arm-linux)
gcc-4.0.2 GNU Compiler Collection, 4.0.x
to be queried, e.g., `nix-env -qa firefox'. This does require the
argument '*' to be passed if one wants information about all
derivations, so the old `nix-env -qa' now is `nix-env -qa "*"'.
expressions that cause an assertion failure (like `assert system ==
"i686-linux"'). This allows all-packages.nix in Nixpkgs to be used
on all platforms, even if some Nix expressions don't work on all
platforms.
Not sure if this is a good idea; it's a bit hacky. In particular,
due to laziness some derivations might appear in `nix-env -qa' but
disappear in `nix-env -qas' or `nix-env -i'.
Commit 5000!
with the same name *and* version number, and pick the first one
(this means that the order in which channels appear in
~/.nix-channels matters). E.g.:
$ nix-env ii aterm
warning: there are multiple derivations named `aterm-2.4.2'; using the first one
installing `aterm-2.4.2'
versions to available versions, or vice versa.
For example, the following compares installed versions to available
versions:
$ nix-env -qc
autoconf-2.59 = 2.59
automake-1.9.4 < 1.9.6
f-spot-0.0.10 - ?
firefox-1.0.4 < 1.0.7
...
I.e., there are newer versions available (in the current default Nix
expression) for Automake and Firefox, but not for Autoconf, and
F-Spot is missing altogether.
Conversely, the available versions can be compared to the installed
versions:
$ nix-env -qac
autoconf-2.59 = 2.59
automake-1.9.6 > 1.9.4
bash-3.0 - ?
firefox-1.0.7 > 1.0.4
...
Note that bash is available but no version of it is installed.
If multiple versions are available for comparison, then the highest
is used. E.g., if Subversion 1.2.0 is installed, and Subversion
1.1.4 and 1.2.3 are available, then `nix-env -qc' will print `<
1.2.3', not `> 1.1.4'.
If higher versions are available, the version column is printed in
red (using ANSI escape codes).
environment elements from one user environment to another, e.g.,
$ nix-env -i --from-profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/other-profile aterm
copies the `aterm' component installed in the `other-profile' to the
user's current profile.
user environment, e.g.,
$ nix-env -i /nix/store/z58v41v21xd3ywrqk1vmvdwlagjx7f10-aterm-2.3.1.drv
or
$ nix-env -i /nix/store/hsyj5pbn0d9iz7q0aj0fga7cpaadvp1l-aterm-2.3.1
This is useful because it allows Nix expressions to be bypassed
entirely. For instance, if only a nix-pull manifest is provided,
plus the top-level path of some component, it can be installed
without having to supply the Nix expression (e.g., for obfuscation,
or to be independent of Nix expression language changes or context
dependencies).
install derivations from a Nix expression specified on the command
line. This is particularly useful for disambiguation if there are
multiple derivations with the same name. For instance, in Nixpkgs,
to install the Firefox wrapper rather than the plain Firefox
component:
$ nix-env -f .../i686-linux.nix -i -E 'x: x.firefoxWrapper'
The Nix expressions should be functions to which the default Nix
expression (in this case, `i686-linux.nix') is passed, hence `x:
...'.
This might also be a nice way to deal with high-level (user-level)
variability, e.g.,
$ nix-env -f ./server.nix -i -E 'x: x {port = 8080; ssl = false;}'
to derivations in user environments. Nice for developers (since it
prevents build-time-only dependencies from being GC'ed, in
conjunction with `gc-keep-outputs'). Turned off by default.
* Set the references for the user environment manifest properly.
* Don't copy the manifest (this was accidental).
* Don't store derivation paths in the manifest (maybe this should be
made optional). This cleans up the semantics of nix-env, which were
weird.
* Hash on the output paths of activated components, not on derivation
paths. This is because we don't know the derivation path of already
installed components anymore, and it allows the installation of
components by store path (skipping Nix expressions entirely).
* Query options `--out-path' and `--drv-path' to show the output and
derivation paths of components, respectively (the latter replaces
the `--expr' query).
though). In particular it's now much easier to register a GC root.
Just place a symlink to whatever store path it is that you want to
keep in /nix/var/nix/gcroots.
This simplifies garbage collection and `nix-store --query
--requisites' since we no longer need to treat derivations
specially.
* Better maintaining of the invariants, e.g., setReferences() can only
be called on a valid/substitutable path.
`derivations.cc', etc.
* Store the SHA-256 content hash of store paths in the database after
they have been built/added. This is so that we can check whether
the store has been messed with (a la `rpm --verify').
* When registering path validity, verify that the closure property
holds.
representation of closures as ATerms in the Nix store. Instead, the
file system pointer graph is now stored in the Nix database. This
has many advantages:
- It greatly simplifies the implementation (we can drop the notion
of `successors', and so on).
- It makes registering roots for the garbage collector much easier.
Instead of specifying the closure expression as a root, you can
simply specify the store path that must be retained as a root.
This could not be done previously, since there was no way to find
the closure store expression containing a given store path.
- Better traceability: it is now possible to query what paths are
referenced by a path, and what paths refer to a path.
* Formalise the notion of fixed-output derivations, i.e., derivations
for which a cryptographic hash of the output is known in advance.
Changes to such derivations should not propagate upwards through the
dependency graph. Previously this was done by specifying the hash
component of the output path through the `id' attribute, but this is
insecure since you can lie about it (i.e., you can specify any hash
and then produce a completely different output). Now the
responsibility for checking the output is moved from the builder to
Nix itself.
A fixed-output derivation can be created by specifying the
`outputHash' and `outputHashAlgo' attributes, the latter taking
values `md5', `sha1', and `sha256', and the former specifying the
actual hash in hexadecimal or in base-32 (auto-detected by looking
at the length of the attribute value). MD5 is included for
compatibility but should be considered deprecated.
* Removed the `drvPath' pseudo-attribute in derivation results. It's
no longer necessary.
* Cleaned up the support for multiple output paths in derivation store
expressions. Each output now has a unique identifier (e.g., `out',
`devel', `docs'). Previously there was no way to tell output paths
apart at the store expression level.
* `nix-hash' now has a flag `--base32' to specify that the hash should
be printed in base-32 notation.
* `fetchurl' accepts parameters `sha256' and `sha1' in addition to
`md5'.
* `nix-prefetch-url' now prints out a SHA-1 hash in base-32. (TODO: a
flag to specify the hash.)
bits, then encode them in a radix-32 representation (using digits
and letters except e, o, u, and t). This produces store paths like
/nix/store/4i0zb0z7f88mwghjirkz702a71dcfivn-aterm-2.3.1. The nice
thing about this is that the hash part of the file name is still 32
characters, as before with MD5.
(Of course, shortening SHA-256 to 160 bits makes it no better than
SHA-160 in theory, but hopefully it's a bit more resistant to
attacks; it's certainly a lot slower.)
* Start cleaning up unique store path generation (they weren't always
unique; in particular the suffix ("-aterm-2.2", "-builder.sh") was
not part of the hash, therefore changes to the suffix would cause
multiple store objects with the same hash).
Instead we generate data bindings (build and match functions) for
the constructors specified in `constructors.def'. In particular
this removes the conversions between AFuns and strings, and Nix
expression evaluation now seems 3 to 4 times faster.
profile. Arguments are either generation number, or `old' to delete
all non-current generations. Typical use:
$ nix-env --delete-generations old
$ nix-collect-garbage
* istringstream -> string2Int.
Previously there was the problem that all files read by nix-env
etc. should be reachable and readable by the Nix user. So for
instance building a Nix expression in your home directory meant that
the home directory should have at least g+x or o+x permission so
that the Nix user could reach the Nix expression. Now we just
switch back to the original user just prior to reading sources and
the like. The places where this happens are somewhat arbitrary,
however. Any scope that has a live SwitchToOriginalUser object in
it is executed as the original user.
* Back out r1385. setreuid() sets the saved uid to the new
real/effective uid, which prevents us from switching back to the
original uid. setresuid() doesn't have this problem (although the
manpage has a bug: specifying -1 for the saved uid doesn't leave it
unchanged; an explicit value must be specified).
* Builder output is written to standard error by default.
* The option `-B' is gone.
* The option `-Q' suppresses builder output.
The result of this is that most Nix invocations shouldn't need any
flags w.r.t. logging.
system types other than the current system. I.e., `nix-env -i'
won't install derivations for other system types, and `nix-env -q'
won't show them. The flag `--system-filter SYSTEM' can be used to
override the system type used for filtering (but not for
building!). The value `*' can be used not to filter anything.
Whenever Nix attempts to realise a derivation for which a closure is
already known, but this closure cannot be realised, fall back on
normalising the derivation.
The most common scenario in which this is useful is when we have
registered substitutes in order to perform binary distribution from,
say, a network repository. If the repository is down, the
realisation of the derivation will fail. When this option is
specified, Nix will build the derivation instead. Thus, binary
installation falls back on a source installation. This option is
not the default since it is generally not desirable for a transient
failure in obtaining the substitutes to lead to a full build from
source (with the related consumption of resources).
* A better substitute mechanism.
Instead of generating a store expression for each store path for
which we have a substitute, we can have a single store expression
that builds a generic program that is invoked to build the desired
store path, which is passed as an argument.
This means that operations like `nix-pull' only produce O(1) files
instead of O(N) files in the store when registering N substitutes.
(It consumes O(N) database storage, of course, but that's not a
performance problem).
* Added a test for the substitute mechanism.
* `nix-store --substitute' reads the substitutes from standard input,
instead of from the command line. This prevents us from running
into the kernel's limit on command line length.
print a nice backtrace of the stack, rather than vomiting a gigantic
(and useless) aterm on the screen. Example:
error: while evaluating file `.../pkgs/system/test.nix':
while evaluating attribute `subversion' at `.../pkgs/system/all-packages-generic.nix', line 533:
while evaluating function at `.../pkgs/applications/version-management/subversion/default.nix', line 1:
assertion failed at `.../pkgs/applications/version-management/subversion/default.nix', line 13
Since the Nix expression language is lazy, the trace may be
misleading. The purpose is to provide a hint as to the location of
the problem.
derivation (i.e., the closure store expression) a root of the
garbage collector. This ensures that running `nix-collect-garbage
--no-successors' is safe.
whether we want to upgrade if the current version is less than the
available version (default), when it is less or equal, or always.
* Added a flag `--dry-run' to show what would happen in `--install',
`--uninstall', and `--upgrade', without actually performing the
operation.
of the current profile, e.g.,
$ nix-env --list-generations
...
39 2004-02-02 17:53:53
40 2004-02-02 17:55:18
41 2004-02-02 17:55:41
42 2004-02-02 17:55:50 (current)
$ nix-env --switch-generation 39
$ ls -l /nix/var/nix/profiles/default
... default -> default-39-link
* Also a command `--rollback' which is just a convenience operation to
rollback to the oldest generation younger than the current one.
Note that generations properly form a tree. E.g., if after
switching to generation 39, we perform an installation action,
a generation 43 is created which is a descendant of 39, not 42. So
a rollback from 43 ought to go back to 39. This is not currently
implemented; generations form a linear sequence.
default -> default-94-link
default-82-link -> /nix/store/cc4480...
default-83-link -> /nix/store/caeec8...
...
default-94-link -> /nix/store/2896ca...
experimental -> experimental-2-link
experimental-1-link -> /nix/store/cc4480...
experimental-2-link -> /nix/store/a3148f...
* `--profile' / `-p' -> `--switch-profile' / `-S'
* `--link' / `-l' -> `--profile' / `-p'
* The default profile is stored in $prefix/var/nix/profiles.
$prefix/var/nix/links is gone. Profiles can be stored anywhere.
* The current profile is now referenced from ~/.nix-profile, not
~/.nix-userenv.
* The roots to the garbage collector now have extension `.gcroot', not
`.id'.
the output path of a derivation, not the path of its store
expression. This ensures that changes that affect the path of the
store expression but not the output path, do not affect the
`installed' state of a derivation.
path of the Nix expression to be used with the import, upgrade, and
query commands. For instance,
$ nix-env -I ~/nixpkgs/pkgs/system/i686-linux.nix
$ nix-env --query --available [aka -qa]
sylpheed-0.9.7
bison-1.875
pango-1.2.5
subversion-0.35.1
...
$ nix-env -i sylpheed
$ nix-env -u subversion
There can be only one default at a time.
* If the path to a Nix expression is a symlink, follow the symlink
prior to resolving relative path references in the expression.
the symlink ~/.nix-userenv to the given argument (which defaults to
.../links/current). /etc/profile.d/nix-profile creates this symlink
if it doesn't exist yet. Example use:
$ nix-env -l my_profile -i foo.nix subversion quake
$ nix-env -p my_profile
I don't like the term "profile". Let's deprecate it :-)
nix-env -u foo.nix strategoxt
to replace the installed `strategoxt' derivation with the one from `foo.nix', if
the latter has a higher version number. This is a no-op if `strategoxt' is not
installed. Wildcards are also accepted, so
nix-env -u foo.nix '*'
will replace any installed derivation with newer versions from `foo.nix', if
available.
The notion of "version number" is somewhat ad hoc, but should be useful in most
cases, as evidenced by the following unit tests for the version comparator:
TEST("1.0", "2.3", -1);
TEST("2.1", "2.3", -1);
TEST("2.3", "2.3", 0);
TEST("2.5", "2.3", 1);
TEST("3.1", "2.3", 1);
TEST("2.3.1", "2.3", 1);
TEST("2.3.1", "2.3a", 1);
TEST("2.3pre1", "2.3", -1);
TEST("2.3pre3", "2.3pre12", -1);
TEST("2.3a", "2.3c", -1);
TEST("2.3pre1", "2.3c", -1);
TEST("2.3pre1", "2.3q", -1);
(-1 = less, 0 = equal, 1 = greater)
* A new verbosity level `lvlInfo', between `lvlError' and `lvlTalkative'. This is
the default for `nix-env', so without any `-v' flags users should get useful
output, e.g.,
$ nix-env -u foo.nix strategoxt
upgrading `strategoxt-0.9.2' to `strategoxt-0.9.3'
