Add 'nix app' command

This is like 'nix run', except that the command to execute is defined
in a flake output, e.g.

  defaultApp = {
    type = "app";
    program = "${packages.blender_2_80}/bin/blender";
  };

Thus you can do

  $ nix app blender-bin

to start Blender from the 'blender-bin' flake.

In the future, we can extend this with sandboxing. (For example we
would want to be able to specify that Blender should not have network
access by default and should only have access to certain paths in the
user's home directory.)

src/nix/command.hh

@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ struct Buildable
 
 typedef std::vector<Buildable> Buildables;
 
+struct App
+{
+    PathSet context;
+    Path program;
+    // FIXME: add args, sandbox settings, metadata, ...
+};
+
 struct Installable
 {
     virtual std::string what() = 0;
@@ -49,6 +56,8 @@ struct Installable
 
     Buildable toBuildable();
 
+    App toApp(EvalState & state);
+
     virtual Value * toValue(EvalState & state)
     {
         throw Error("argument '%s' cannot be evaluated", what());

src/nix/installables.cc

@@ -68,6 +68,28 @@ Buildable Installable::toBuildable()
     return std::move(buildables[0]);
 }
 
+App Installable::toApp(EvalState & state)
+{
+    auto v = toValue(state);
+
+    state.forceAttrs(*v);
+
+    auto aType = v->attrs->need(state.sType);
+    if (state.forceStringNoCtx(*aType.value, *aType.pos) != "app")
+        throw Error("value does not have type 'app', at %s", *aType.pos);
+
+    App app;
+
+    auto aProgram = v->attrs->need(state.symbols.create("program"));
+    app.program = state.forceString(*aProgram.value, app.context, *aProgram.pos);
+
+    // FIXME: check that 'program' is in the closure of 'context'.
+    if (!state.store->isInStore(app.program))
+        throw Error("app program '%s' is not in the Nix store", app.program);
+
+    return app;
+}
+
 struct InstallableStorePath : Installable
 {
     Path storePath;

src/nix/run.cc

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "fs-accessor.hh"
 #include "progress-bar.hh"
 #include "affinity.hh"
+#include "eval.hh"
 
 #if __linux__
 #include <sys/mount.h>
@@ -19,7 +20,44 @@ using namespace nix;
 
 std::string chrootHelperName = "__run_in_chroot";
 
-struct CmdRun : InstallablesCommand
+struct RunCommon : virtual Command
+{
+    void runProgram(ref<Store> store,
+        const std::string & program,
+        const Strings & args)
+    {
+        stopProgressBar();
+
+        restoreSignals();
+
+        restoreAffinity();
+
+        /* If this is a diverted store (i.e. its "logical" location
+           (typically /nix/store) differs from its "physical" location
+           (e.g. /home/eelco/nix/store), then run the command in a
+           chroot. For non-root users, this requires running it in new
+           mount and user namespaces. Unfortunately,
+           unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) doesn't work in a multithreaded
+           program (which "nix" is), so we exec() a single-threaded
+           helper program (chrootHelper() below) to do the work. */
+        auto store2 = store.dynamic_pointer_cast<LocalStore>();
+
+        if (store2 && store->storeDir != store2->realStoreDir) {
+            Strings helperArgs = { chrootHelperName, store->storeDir, store2->realStoreDir, program };
+            for (auto & arg : args) helperArgs.push_back(arg);
+
+            execv(readLink("/proc/self/exe").c_str(), stringsToCharPtrs(helperArgs).data());
+
+            throw SysError("could not execute chroot helper");
+        }
+
+        execvp(program.c_str(), stringsToCharPtrs(args).data());
+
+        throw SysError("unable to execute '%s'", program);
+    }
+};
+
+struct CmdRun : InstallablesCommand, RunCommon
 {
     std::vector<std::string> command = { "bash" };
     StringSet keep, unset;
@@ -147,43 +185,60 @@ struct CmdRun : InstallablesCommand
 
         setenv("PATH", concatStringsSep(":", unixPath).c_str(), 1);
 
-        std::string cmd = *command.begin();
         Strings args;
         for (auto & arg : command) args.push_back(arg);
 
-        stopProgressBar();
-
-        restoreSignals();
-
-        restoreAffinity();
-
-        /* If this is a diverted store (i.e. its "logical" location
-           (typically /nix/store) differs from its "physical" location
-           (e.g. /home/eelco/nix/store), then run the command in a
-           chroot. For non-root users, this requires running it in new
-           mount and user namespaces. Unfortunately,
-           unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) doesn't work in a multithreaded
-           program (which "nix" is), so we exec() a single-threaded
-           helper program (chrootHelper() below) to do the work. */
-        auto store2 = store.dynamic_pointer_cast<LocalStore>();
-
-        if (store2 && store->storeDir != store2->realStoreDir) {
-            Strings helperArgs = { chrootHelperName, store->storeDir, store2->realStoreDir, cmd };
-            for (auto & arg : args) helperArgs.push_back(arg);
-
-            execv(readLink("/proc/self/exe").c_str(), stringsToCharPtrs(helperArgs).data());
-
-            throw SysError("could not execute chroot helper");
-        }
-
-        execvp(cmd.c_str(), stringsToCharPtrs(args).data());
-
-        throw SysError("unable to exec '%s'", cmd);
+        runProgram(store, *command.begin(), args);
     }
 };
 
 static RegisterCommand r1(make_ref<CmdRun>());
 
+struct CmdApp : InstallableCommand, RunCommon
+{
+    CmdApp()
+    {
+    }
+
+    std::string name() override
+    {
+        return "app";
+    }
+
+    std::string description() override
+    {
+        return "run a Nix application";
+    }
+
+    Examples examples() override
+    {
+        return {
+            Example{
+                "To run Blender:",
+                "nix app blender-bin"
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
+    Strings getDefaultFlakeAttrPaths() override
+    {
+        return {"defaultApp"};
+    }
+
+    void run(ref<Store> store) override
+    {
+        auto state = getEvalState();
+
+        auto app = installable->toApp(*state);
+
+        state->realiseContext(app.context);
+
+        runProgram(store, app.program, {app.program});
+    }
+};
+
+static RegisterCommand r2(make_ref<CmdApp>());
+
 void chrootHelper(int argc, char * * argv)
 {
     int p = 1;