Provide random access to cached NARs

E.g.

  $ time nix cat-store --store https://cache.nixos.org?local-nar-cache=/tmp/nars \
    /nix/store/b0w2hafndl09h64fhb86kw6bmhbmnpm1-blender-2.79/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/blender.svg > /dev/null
  real    0m4.139s

  $ time nix cat-store --store https://cache.nixos.org?local-nar-cache=/tmp/nars \
    /nix/store/b0w2hafndl09h64fhb86kw6bmhbmnpm1-blender-2.79/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/blender.svg > /dev/null
  real    0m0.024s

(Before, the second call took ~0.220s.)

This will use a NAR listing in
/tmp/nars/b0w2hafndl09h64fhb86kw6bmhbmnpm1.ls containing all metadata,
including the offsets of regular files inside the NAR. Thus, we don't
need to read the entire NAR. (We do read the entire listing, but
that's generally pretty small. We could use a SQLite DB by borrowing
some more code from nixos-channel-scripts/file-cache.hh.)

This is primarily useful when Hydra is serving files from an S3 binary
cache, in particular when you have giant NARs. E.g. we had some 12 GiB
NARs, so accessing individuals files was pretty slow.

src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc

@@ -129,10 +129,8 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, const ref<std::str
 
             auto narAccessor = makeNarAccessor(nar);
 
-            if (accessor_) {
+            if (accessor_)
-                accessor_->nars.emplace(info.path, narAccessor);
+                accessor_->addToCache(info.path, *nar, narAccessor);
-                accessor_->addToCache(info.path, *nar);
-            }
 
             {
                 auto res = jsonRoot.placeholder("root");
@@ -144,10 +142,8 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, const ref<std::str
     }
 
     else {
-        if (accessor_) {
+        if (accessor_)
-            accessor_->nars.emplace(info.path, makeNarAccessor(nar));
+            accessor_->addToCache(info.path, *nar, makeNarAccessor(nar));
-            accessor_->addToCache(info.path, *nar);
-        }
     }
 
     /* Compress the NAR. */

src/libstore/nar-accessor.cc

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include <stack>
 #include <algorithm>
 
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
 namespace nix {
 
 struct NarMember
@@ -24,83 +26,127 @@ struct NarMember
     std::map<std::string, NarMember> children;
 };
 
-struct NarIndexer : ParseSink, StringSource
+struct NarAccessor : public FSAccessor
 {
+    std::shared_ptr<const std::string> nar;
+
+    GetNarBytes getNarBytes;
+
     NarMember root;
-    std::stack<NarMember*> parents;
 
-    std::string currentStart;
+    struct NarIndexer : ParseSink, StringSource
-    bool isExec = false;
-
-    NarIndexer(const std::string & nar) : StringSource(nar)
     {
-    }
+        NarAccessor & acc;
 
-    void createMember(const Path & path, NarMember member) {
+        std::stack<NarMember *> parents;
-        size_t level = std::count(path.begin(), path.end(), '/');
-        while(parents.size() > level) {
-            parents.pop();
-        }
 
-        if(parents.empty()) {
+        std::string currentStart;
-            root = std::move(member);
+        bool isExec = false;
-            parents.push(&root);
+
-        } else {
+        NarIndexer(NarAccessor & acc, const std::string & nar)
-            if(parents.top()->type != FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory) {
+            : StringSource(nar), acc(acc)
-                throw Error(format("NAR file missing parent directory of path '%1%'") % path);
+        { }
+
+        void createMember(const Path & path, NarMember member) {
+            size_t level = std::count(path.begin(), path.end(), '/');
+            while (parents.size() > level) parents.pop();
+
+            if (parents.empty()) {
+                acc.root = std::move(member);
+                parents.push(&acc.root);
+            } else {
+                if (parents.top()->type != FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory)
+                    throw Error("NAR file missing parent directory of path '%s'", path);
+                auto result = parents.top()->children.emplace(baseNameOf(path), std::move(member));
+                parents.push(&result.first->second);
             }
-            auto result = parents.top()->children.emplace(baseNameOf(path), std::move(member));
-            parents.push(&result.first->second);
         }
-    }
 
-    void createDirectory(const Path & path) override
+        void createDirectory(const Path & path) override
-    {
+        {
-        createMember(path, {FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory, false, 0, 0 });
+            createMember(path, {FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory, false, 0, 0});
-    }
-
-    void createRegularFile(const Path & path) override
-    {
-        createMember(path, {FSAccessor::Type::tRegular, false, 0, 0 });
-    }
-
-    void isExecutable() override
-    {
-        parents.top()->isExecutable = true;
-    }
-
-    void preallocateContents(unsigned long long size) override
-    {
-        currentStart = string(s, pos, 16);
-        assert(size <= std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max());
-        parents.top()->size = (size_t)size;
-        parents.top()->start = pos;
-    }
-
-    void receiveContents(unsigned char * data, unsigned int len) override
-    {
-        // Sanity check
-        if (!currentStart.empty()) {
-            assert(len < 16 || currentStart == string((char *) data, 16));
-            currentStart.clear();
         }
-    }
 
-    void createSymlink(const Path & path, const string & target) override
+        void createRegularFile(const Path & path) override
+        {
+            createMember(path, {FSAccessor::Type::tRegular, false, 0, 0});
+        }
+
+        void isExecutable() override
+        {
+            parents.top()->isExecutable = true;
+        }
+
+        void preallocateContents(unsigned long long size) override
+        {
+            currentStart = string(s, pos, 16);
+            assert(size <= std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max());
+            parents.top()->size = (size_t)size;
+            parents.top()->start = pos;
+        }
+
+        void receiveContents(unsigned char * data, unsigned int len) override
+        {
+            // Sanity check
+            if (!currentStart.empty()) {
+                assert(len < 16 || currentStart == string((char *) data, 16));
+                currentStart.clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        void createSymlink(const Path & path, const string & target) override
+        {
+            createMember(path,
+                NarMember{FSAccessor::Type::tSymlink, false, 0, 0, target});
+        }
+    };
+
+    NarAccessor(ref<const std::string> nar) : nar(nar)
     {
-        createMember(path,
+        NarIndexer indexer(*this, *nar);
-            NarMember{FSAccessor::Type::tSymlink, false, 0, 0, target});
+        parseDump(indexer, indexer);
     }
 
-    NarMember* find(const Path & path)
+    NarAccessor(const std::string & listing, GetNarBytes getNarBytes)
+        : getNarBytes(getNarBytes)
+    {
+        using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+        std::function<void(NarMember &, json &)> recurse;
+
+        recurse = [&](NarMember & member, json & v) {
+            std::string type = v["type"];
+
+            if (type == "directory") {
+                member.type = FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory;
+                for (auto i = v["entries"].begin(); i != v["entries"].end(); ++i) {
+                    std::string name = i.key();
+                    recurse(member.children[name], i.value());
+                }
+            } else if (type == "regular") {
+                member.type = FSAccessor::Type::tRegular;
+                member.size = v["size"];
+                member.isExecutable = v.value("executable", false);
+                member.start = v["narOffset"];
+            } else if (type == "symlink") {
+                member.type = FSAccessor::Type::tSymlink;
+                member.target = v.value("target", "");
+            } else return;
+        };
+
+        json v = json::parse(listing);
+        recurse(root, v);
+    }
+
+    NarMember * find(const Path & path)
     {
         Path canon = path == "" ? "" : canonPath(path);
-        NarMember* current = &root;
+        NarMember * current = &root;
         auto end = path.end();
-        for(auto it = path.begin(); it != end; ) {
+        for (auto it = path.begin(); it != end; ) {
             // because it != end, the remaining component is non-empty so we need
             // a directory
-            if(current->type != FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory) return nullptr;
+            if (current->type != FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory) return nullptr;
 
             // skip slash (canonPath above ensures that this is always a slash)
             assert(*it == '/');
@@ -109,7 +155,7 @@ struct NarIndexer : ParseSink, StringSource
             // lookup current component
             auto next = std::find(it, end, '/');
             auto child = current->children.find(std::string(it, next));
-            if(child == current->children.end()) return nullptr;
+            if (child == current->children.end()) return nullptr;
             current = &child->second;
 
             it = next;
@@ -118,28 +164,16 @@ struct NarIndexer : ParseSink, StringSource
         return current;
     }
 
-    NarMember& at(const Path & path) {
+    NarMember & get(const Path & path) {
         auto result = find(path);
-        if(result == nullptr) {
+        if (result == nullptr)
-            throw Error(format("NAR file does not contain path '%1%'") % path);
+            throw Error("NAR file does not contain path '%1%'", path);
-        }
         return *result;
     }
-};
-
-struct NarAccessor : public FSAccessor
-{
-    ref<const std::string> nar;
-    NarIndexer indexer;
-
-    NarAccessor(ref<const std::string> nar) : nar(nar), indexer(*nar)
-    {
-        parseDump(indexer, indexer);
-    }
 
     Stat stat(const Path & path) override
     {
-        auto i = indexer.find(path);
+        auto i = find(path);
         if (i == nullptr)
             return {FSAccessor::Type::tMissing, 0, false};
         return {i->type, i->size, i->isExecutable, i->start};
@@ -147,30 +181,33 @@ struct NarAccessor : public FSAccessor
 
     StringSet readDirectory(const Path & path) override
     {
-        auto i = indexer.at(path);
+        auto i = get(path);
 
         if (i.type != FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory)
             throw Error(format("path '%1%' inside NAR file is not a directory") % path);
 
         StringSet res;
-        for(auto&& child : i.children) {
+        for (auto & child : i.children)
             res.insert(child.first);
 
-        }
         return res;
     }
 
     std::string readFile(const Path & path) override
     {
-        auto i = indexer.at(path);
+        auto i = get(path);
         if (i.type != FSAccessor::Type::tRegular)
             throw Error(format("path '%1%' inside NAR file is not a regular file") % path);
+
+        if (getNarBytes) return getNarBytes(i.start, i.size);
+
+        assert(nar);
         return std::string(*nar, i.start, i.size);
     }
 
     std::string readLink(const Path & path) override
     {
-        auto i = indexer.at(path);
+        auto i = get(path);
         if (i.type != FSAccessor::Type::tSymlink)
             throw Error(format("path '%1%' inside NAR file is not a symlink") % path);
         return i.target;
@@ -182,6 +219,12 @@ ref<FSAccessor> makeNarAccessor(ref<const std::string> nar)
     return make_ref<NarAccessor>(nar);
 }
 
+ref<FSAccessor> makeLazyNarAccessor(const std::string & listing,
+    GetNarBytes getNarBytes)
+{
+    return make_ref<NarAccessor>(listing, getNarBytes);
+}
+
 void listNar(JSONPlaceholder & res, ref<FSAccessor> accessor,
     const Path & path, bool recurse)
 {

src/libstore/nar-accessor.hh

@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ namespace nix {
    file. */
 ref<FSAccessor> makeNarAccessor(ref<const std::string> nar);
 
+/* Create a NAR accessor from a NAR listing (in the format produced by
+   listNar()). The callback getNarBytes(offset, length) is used by the
+   readFile() method of the accessor to get the contents of files
+   inside the NAR. */
+typedef std::function<std::string(uint64_t, uint64_t)> GetNarBytes;
+
+ref<FSAccessor> makeLazyNarAccessor(
+    const std::string & listing,
+    GetNarBytes getNarBytes);
+
 class JSONPlaceholder;
 
 /* Write a JSON representation of the contents of a NAR (except file

src/libstore/remote-fs-accessor.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 #include "remote-fs-accessor.hh"
 #include "nar-accessor.hh"
+#include "json.hh"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 
 namespace nix {
 
@@ -11,20 +16,30 @@ RemoteFSAccessor::RemoteFSAccessor(ref<Store> store, const Path & cacheDir)
         createDirs(cacheDir);
 }
 
-Path RemoteFSAccessor::makeCacheFile(const Path & storePath)
+Path RemoteFSAccessor::makeCacheFile(const Path & storePath, const std::string & ext)
 {
     assert(cacheDir != "");
-    return fmt("%s/%s.nar", cacheDir, storePathToHash(storePath));
+    return fmt("%s/%s.%s", cacheDir, storePathToHash(storePath), ext);
 }
 
-void RemoteFSAccessor::addToCache(const Path & storePath, const std::string & nar)
+void RemoteFSAccessor::addToCache(const Path & storePath, const std::string & nar,
+    ref<FSAccessor> narAccessor)
 {
-    try {
+    nars.emplace(storePath, narAccessor);
-        if (cacheDir == "") return;
+
-        /* FIXME: do this asynchronously. */
+    if (cacheDir != "") {
-        writeFile(makeCacheFile(storePath), nar);
+        try {
-    } catch (...) {
+            std::ostringstream str;
-        ignoreException();
+            JSONPlaceholder jsonRoot(str);
+            listNar(jsonRoot, narAccessor, "", true);
+            writeFile(makeCacheFile(storePath, "ls"), str.str());
+
+            /* FIXME: do this asynchronously. */
+            writeFile(makeCacheFile(storePath, "nar"), nar);
+
+        } catch (...) {
+            ignoreException();
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -42,20 +57,49 @@ std::pair<ref<FSAccessor>, Path> RemoteFSAccessor::fetch(const Path & path_)
     if (i != nars.end()) return {i->second, restPath};
 
     StringSink sink;
+    std::string listing;
+    Path cacheFile;
 
-    try {
+    if (cacheDir != "" && pathExists(cacheFile = makeCacheFile(storePath, "nar"))) {
-        if (cacheDir != "")
-            *sink.s = nix::readFile(makeCacheFile(storePath));
-    } catch (SysError &) { }
 
-    if (sink.s->empty()) {
+        try {
-        store->narFromPath(storePath, sink);
+            listing = nix::readFile(makeCacheFile(storePath, "ls"));
-        addToCache(storePath, *sink.s);
+
+            auto narAccessor = makeLazyNarAccessor(listing,
+                [cacheFile](uint64_t offset, uint64_t length) {
+
+                    AutoCloseFD fd = open(cacheFile.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+                    if (!fd)
+                        throw SysError("opening NAR cache file '%s'", cacheFile);
+
+                    if (lseek(fd.get(), offset, SEEK_SET) != (off_t) offset)
+                        throw SysError("seeking in '%s'", cacheFile);
+
+                    std::string buf(length, 0);
+                    readFull(fd.get(), (unsigned char *) buf.data(), length);
+
+                    return buf;
+                });
+
+            nars.emplace(storePath, narAccessor);
+            return {narAccessor, restPath};
+
+        } catch (SysError &) { }
+
+        try {
+            *sink.s = nix::readFile(cacheFile);
+
+            auto narAccessor = makeNarAccessor(sink.s);
+            nars.emplace(storePath, narAccessor);
+            return {narAccessor, restPath};
+
+        } catch (SysError &) { }
     }
 
-    auto accessor = makeNarAccessor(sink.s);
+    store->narFromPath(storePath, sink);
-    nars.emplace(storePath, accessor);
+    auto narAccessor = makeNarAccessor(sink.s);
-    return {accessor, restPath};
+    addToCache(storePath, *sink.s, narAccessor);
+    return {narAccessor, restPath};
 }
 
 FSAccessor::Stat RemoteFSAccessor::stat(const Path & path)

src/libstore/remote-fs-accessor.hh

@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ class RemoteFSAccessor : public FSAccessor
 
     friend class BinaryCacheStore;
 
-    Path makeCacheFile(const Path & storePath);
+    Path makeCacheFile(const Path & storePath, const std::string & ext);
 
-    void addToCache(const Path & storePath, const std::string & nar);
+    void addToCache(const Path & storePath, const std::string & nar,
+        ref<FSAccessor> narAccessor);
 
 public: